Migrations CCOT Essay

From 1700 to 1900 the migrations of people from Europe and Africa to the US grew and then receded due to the limits the U.S. put on immigrants.At the beginning of the period, Europeans stuck to their side of the ocean. However, When the Irish potato famine struck in 1845 however, there was a mass exodus of irish people in search of a steady source of food and a new life. In the beginning on the African side of things, there was a mass movement of africans to the US due to the slave trade but by the end of the period the slave trade was outlawed so there was a mass migration of Africans who migrated as indentured servants to find a better life. During the 18th century, there was much migration in between the thirteen colonies, Europe and Africa. In the 18th century, the slave trade was in full swing. People from the colonies and Europe were buying slaves very frequently. There were many slave markets and any child born to a slave also became a slave. Millions of Africans were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. During this time, although people went from Europe to the colonies, it was only to strengthen the colonies themselves. During the 19th century, the migration patterns changed. In 1845 the Irish potato famine made 250 thousand people migrate from their homes. The country had no food and was riddled with disease so the Irish people came to the U.S. to try to start a new life for themselves. In addition to this, people from Europe came to the U.S. as indentured servants to have a better life. In Africa, by 1807 the slave trade had been abolished.

Busienss Coach

Advance course on Logotherapy Logotask 1 (as specified in tutorial letter 103/2012) Name: Wessels, Nicolaas Johannes Student no: 7294-232-0 Course code: LOGO 01-8 Academic Qualifications: B Comm (Marketing) UP; B Comm (Marketing) (Hons) Unisa; MBL Unisa Occupation: Business Leadership Coach Postal address: PO Box 786411, Sandton, 2146 Tel: 011 783 4155 (H); 011 253 9919 (O); 082 554 4614 (M) e-mail: [email  protected] co. za â€Å"As much as it was a point of utter determination, it was also a point of surrender†. By reading Teria’s story one could also say that â€Å"it was a moment of truth†.She seemed to have reached new levels of self awareness and consciousness about what her life was like up to that point and what could be from there on. What we see here is a defining moment, a moment of truth and a moment of decisiveness. To take action and turn the focus on what is and what could be, not on what was. By all accounts she has reached a level of self aware ness to such an extent that she could transcend herself and connect to her spiritual dimension where a discovery was made of life changing proportions.We have here a very good example of how tension had played a role in directing someone towards her values and what is important to her. By transcending herself, Teria not only moved away from a needs driven focus on the past, she moved to a values directed focus on the future and all the possibilities it holds. â€Å"I was somehow missing to fully live my present life with an eye on the future that was â€Å"waiting† to be reached out to. My life seemed to lack vision – a dream to realize or ideals to be inspired by† (Shantall 2002: 13). The tension which brought on this state of realization is a health one.Without this meaning will not be found. â€Å"A sound amount of tension, such as that tension which is aroused by a meaning to fulfill, is inherent in being human and is indispensible for mental well-beingâ₠¬  (Frankl 1998: 48). By recognizing her own power to self transcend, Teria reached the â€Å"highest stage in human development† (Lucas 1998:34). In this turning point, three catalysts are particularly interesting. Firstly the death of her father presented not only the shock of losing a loved one, it also served as a stark reminder of the transitoriness of life. And how wasteful lost opportunities are.Sometimes this awareness of how life’s opportunities are passing us by comes easier with older people who have experienced the full granaries of life. With others the urgency to live life fully may need to be awakened by techniques such as the Socratic dialogue. Teria was aching for something different and experiencing the effects of an awakened consciousness prompting her towards action. As Frankl puts it â€Å"Thus, the transitoriness of our existence in no way makes it meaningless. But it does constitute our responsibleness; for everything hinges upon our realizing the essentially transitory possibilities†. Frankl 2004:124). Teria wanted more from life, more vision, more meaning and more significance. This moment in her life, this point of surrender suggests an awareness that now is the time to make a decision. And the application of transitoriness as a Logotherapeutic tool is testimony to Frankl’s observation â€Å"Logotherapy, keeping in mind the essential transitoriness of human existence, is not pessimistic but rather optimistic† (Frankl 2004:124). The second catalyst was the diary her father left her. It served as a powerful metaphor and last challenge from him to live life powerfully with authenticity. I felt that he expected me to fill up the yet empty pages of that diary with the events of my life that I would now undertake to life fully and with care† (Shantall 2002:14). Her will to meaning was triggered and she was challenged to be creative with her life and treat it with a responsibility becoming of her. Wi th this diary her father created a healthy tension between Teria and life, asking her to take up a commission to run her race. She was reminded of her own freedom of will by the blank pages staring at her.Freedom of will is one of the three fundamental tenet on which Logotherapy is built â€Å"Logotherapy’s concept of man is based on three pillars, the freedom of will, the will to menaing and the meaning of life†. (Frankl 1988:16). The diary played the role of visible canvass against which she could transcend and surrender the old and connect to a point beyond herself. The third catalyst was the physical distance between her and the rest of the family. By being far away, alone and not able to pay last respects, Teria was forced to deal with this traumatic incident herself and find her own defiant power to awaken her will to meaning.With no distraction or consolation she had to dig for courage to process the full implications of this experience. With this third catalyst she was put alone before life as if to be asked two questions: what are you going to give life and what is life asking from you? â€Å"This experience of a breakthrough of meaning in my own suffering, with the added feeling of greater sense of responsibility as I came to see my life as a gift which I could either use or abuse† (Shantall 2002:15).The morning after the death of her father, Teria experienced heightened levels of appreciation for what was important to her, what was possible and what was meaningful to her at that stage. The two dominant emotions presented to us in her quote: determination and surrender are also of interest. Determined to find some defined destination worth living for, she connected to her defiant power to overcome and knew that nothing else but a strong, clear, meaningful life would do. And by surrendering the old and the meaningless, she made way for new meaning to be discovered.Clearing the past and transcending onto a new level of possibilitie s. These two emotions or channels of energy go hand in hand like the critical chemicals without which the desired reaction would not be possible. Without determination, surrender could have been left alone to sulk and doubt. Without surrender, determination could have been a relentless energy with no direction, possible of destruction. Giving up on her self-centered way of living, she may also have given up on a hyper reflective ways of thinking. My own psychodynamics, which I have explored during my years of psychoanalysis began to fade in importance or, most surprisingly began to take on a refreshingly new and deeper meaning† (Shantall 2002: 14). With a state of hyper-reflection and hyper-intention, fulfillment and happiness will elude. She may also have been surrendering to faith that happiness and fulfillment will ensue â€Å"Attaining a goal constitute a reason to be happy. In other words, if there is a reason for happiness, happiness ensues, automatically and spontaneou sly, as it were.And that is why one need not pursue happiness, one need not care for it once there is a reason for it. But, even more, one cannot pursue it† (Frankl 1998:34). Aching for something more, something worthwhile, she transformed and became inspired to be present, take up the challenge and recognize her scope of free choice. I would contest that her life up to this point has not been wasted. True to the duality which life presents so frequently to us, her new sense of highs would not have been reached had it been for her perceived sense of lows.The discovery of a new powerful meaningful life is like the discovery of a secret garden in a fairy tale. Often it is protected by an angry dragon and we are tested by life on how badly do we want to be more, and live significantly. This experience in Teria’s life was clearly a turning point away from the meaningless, a new beginning of something profoundly powerful and a courageous change in direction. What is meaning all about? â€Å"Existence is not only intentional but also transcendent. Self transcendence is the essence of existence† (Frankl 1998:50).And what is there to live for if living is un-intentional and just for one self alone? In order to get a grasp on meaning, one could look at the various facets and characteristics it constitutes, yet even after having done so, it may still elude full comprehension. Meaning first and foremost has to be experienced. And it is something to be experienced personally. It is not something which could be passed on, taught or transferred. It may be illuminated or hinted at but is uniquely personal in its experiencing. â€Å"Meaning is relative in that it is related to a specific person who is entangled is a specific situation.One could say that meaning differs from man to man and from second from day to day, indeed from hour to hour† (Frankl 1998:54). On the question â€Å"what is meant by meaning? †, Frankl comments that â€Å"it i s absolutely down to earth inasmuch as it refers to that which a concrete situation means to a concrete person† (Frankl 1998:140). Whereas meaning may be hard to define conceptually, it is simple and clearly visible in its experiences. We will recognize meaning when we find it! And paradoxically â€Å"the more comprehensive the meaning, the less comprehensible it is†. (Frankl 2000:136).Semantically, meaning is both verb and noun. It is alive and reveals itself though action and activity. And it is discovered like a treasure hidden waiting for the right time and the right person to appear. Although we cannot observe it in itself like a concrete object, we can observe the powers it has on a subject. And it can appear at any time in any situation. â€Å"The perception of meaning as I see it, could be defined suddenly becoming aware of a possibility against a background of reality† (Frankl 1998: 140). Our inherent desire to find meaning is the most powerful energy we posses.In Nietzsche’s words, â€Å"He who has a Why to live for can bear almost any How† (Frankl 2004:7). Without a reason to live for or to move towards, life will be empty and fragile. Meaning gives us the power to move forward and this will to meaning is one of the three pillars on which Logotherapy is built (Frankl 1988:16). Our will to meaning is expressed in a space of freedom to pursue whatever is meaningful to the individual. We are not free from, but free to do what is meaningful. â€Å"Man’s freedom is no freedom from conditions but rather a freedom to take a stand on whatever conditions might confront him† (Frankl 1998:16).We are constantly challenged by life to make it meaningful and called on our courage to do so. This strongly suggests there is a responsibility attached to meaning. A responsibility to live authentically and courageously – to do the right thing. This is emphasized by an Logotherapeatic imperative: â€Å"live as if yo u were living already for the second time and as if you had acted the first time as you are about to act now† (Frankl 2004:114). Our lives are not something beyond our control – whereas we cannot control what happens to us, we can certainly control how we behave or respond.And it is here where our biggest responsibility presents itself. To act the right way, befitting of how we could be potentially. Living in a dimension of meaning means to live responsibly according to our governing values and conscious awareness. By connecting to our consciousness we will identify for ourselves what the right action is and there is ever only one right action. And conscience is essentially intuitive (Frankl 2000:40) and the only means for grasping the meaning of any moment. To quote Graber: â€Å"The human experience calls for an ability to make independent decisions at each moment in life.To live responsibly calls for listening to the thousands of commandments arising from the thousa nds of unique situations of which life consists. It is the intuitive conscience that guides us in the moment by moment experiences of life. It gives voice to the available resources of the spirit within† (Graber 2004:79). Consciousness and creativity are the most important facilitators to find meaning. It is in our noetic realm where we connect to our consciousness and a deeper desire to do the right thing. Paradoxically, by experiencing meaning we connect to our spiritual consciousness.In terms of Frankl’s dimensional ontology, our noetic dimension is what makes us human. And it is in this dimension where we have the faculty to identify meaning. â€Å"Freedom of choice, intentionality, creative and artistic interest, religious encounters, ethical sensitivity, conscience, understanding of values and love, the capacity to be awed by experiences, intuition and inspiration and the search for meaning are at home† (Graber: 2004:71). This is not to suggest that meaning is found inside ourselves. Our conscious is where meaning is interpreted.Meaning is found outside ourselves by connecting to something greater or beyond. By this statement I am not suggesting it is very far away. It may be very close indeed, but beyond and outside nevertheless, discovered by self-transcendence as Frankl calls it (Frankl 2000:138). And it resides in the future like a magnet to which we are drawn, pulling us out of our self absorbed existence and connecting us to life. With no real meaning there is no real connection to life. Experiencing meaning presents itself as a paradox.According to Frankl: â€Å"The more meaning is experienced as a reality of our lives, the more exercised and refined is our faith in the reality of its existence and the broader is our experience and awareness of the deeper meanings of life†. We only know it when we know it! Meaning is found by having uniquely personal encounters with life. It could be by way of what we do creatively or gi ve to the world; by what we get as an experience or take from life; or thirdly by the attitude we adopt towards what is presented to us. (Frankl 1988:70).Not only does meaning rewards us, it gives us strength it gives life sustained worth and defines our unique purpose. Whilst suggesting meaning is waiting to be discovered right in front of us in everyday life, one has to acknowledge that there may be a deeper meaning to life. Or as Frankl calls it â€Å"ultimate meaning† (Frankl 2000:143). This is meaning of the whole – of life as a whole or of our life as a whole. And the comprehension of this is beyond our mental faculties, which positions ultimate meaning in a realm inaccessible to reason or intellect (Frankl 2000:144).And as he puts it â€Å"but what is unknowable need not be unbelievable. In fact where knowledge gives up, the torch is passed on the faith† (Frankl 200:146). Or as Albert Einstain once said: â€Å"supra-meaning is no longer a matter of think ing but rather a matter of believing† (Ffankl 1998:145). To sum up, meaning is connected to purpose, to goals, a mission and linked to a cause beyond and outside ourselves. The key enabler to fining meaning is hidden in our conscious where we can awaken an element of tension and become aware of how things are now and how things could be.To attain meaning requires an open attitude and requires us to choose, to interact and engage with life. It shapes our life and makes everything worthwhile. In a logotherapeutic session, the following diagram could serve as a discussion guide: How meaningful life could be (what we do, experience of or the attitude we take) Indispensible noetic tension of what ought to be How things are now * Become aware of uniquely personal values, strengths, dreams, and existing characteristics of life. * Use these realities as guideposts towards what ought to be. What does meaning mean to me?Thinking about my own experience of meaning, I am aware of the many sources I have tapped into and could still tap into, in order to experience a more fulfilling and purposeful life. Within all the dimensions and facets of my life, meaning lurks. And by this I do not imply by any means that my life is ultimately fulfilling at the moment or that I have identified all the places and sources of finding meaning. It is rather a case of me having noticed the rays of meaning by what I did, experienced or by the stance I took in my journey through life up to now.It’s been said that if life’s purpose is to find your gift, your mission is to use it – and that makes life meaningful. I am aware happiness and sadness are emotions, and fulfillment is a state of being. Right and wrong are judgmental and when one operates from a higher level of consciousness, there is no judgment. And is in this higher level of being where I find my biggest growth and my most profound meaning. As Frankl states: â€Å"In no way are we justified in speaking of man as only a somatic-psychic whole. Body and psyche may form a unity- a psychophysical unity- but this unity does not yet represent the wholeness of man.Without the spiritual as its essential ground, this wholeness cannot exist† (Frankl 2000:34). If I have to highlight the most meaningful moments or areas of my life, it could be summarized in the meaning matrix below. Reflecting on my own dimensional ontology (Frankl 2000:34) my wholeness exist by recognizing all the dimension of my being. And I am aware of the meaning imbedded in fleeting moments and in longer passages of my life, on different levels. For me the most powerful awareness about meaning is the understanding of where it may be and how to look for it.I have found it in the seemingly most insignificant actions (by giving someone at work a spontaneous hug), and in epic sporting events like finishing 8 day cycle races where shear attitude and commitment got me to the finish line. My meaning matrix. Populating the rea lms of what makes me human according to Frankl’s dimensional ontology with the three principle ways to find meaning. (Frankl 1998:70). Where meaning is foundOntological dimension| What I do/give to life| What I get and experience from life| The attitude I take towards life| Noetic dimension| Acting out my values and setting examples. Being conscious of doing the right thing.Connecting to my consciousness and communicating with my soul. Behaving like it is my mission to make a difference (trying to! ). | Noticing synchronicities, finding peace though spiritual rituals of mediation and contemplation. Receiving feedback from life on the level of my soul. | Having faith in an ultimate meaning, trusting life to be unconditionally meaningful, knowing I have a unique purpose to fulfill no matter how challenging â€Å"this† moment may be. | Psychic dimension| Facilitating coaching conversations, mentoring and counseling people. Assisting people with their personal development and growth.Helping my family and loved ones wherever & however I can. | Meaningful moments with wife, kids and friends – Relationships. Coaching & mentoring someone and noticing the change in perception or awareness. Coaching & mentoring at the school in Soweto. | Resigning myself to what will be and to whatever life challenges me with. Treating challenges and emotional stress as signposts for personal growth. | Somatic dimension| Doing sport and adventure activities with friends (triathlons, cycle rides/races, mountain climbs). Cooking. | Sharing the experiences of bicycle rides, triathlons and mountain climbs with friends.Enjoying a great cup of coffee. | Gritting it out when I suffer physically, reminding me extreme sport is â€Å"what I do† and what gives me energy. | Reflecting on the role of my conscience and my awareness of responsible action, I recognize the healthy tension of what I want to be/have/do, and what ought to be/have/do. This tension is what unlocks meaning and protects me against psychic rigor mortis as Frankl puts it. Finding the balance between responsibility and dependence on something other than ourselves bring into the conversation the concept of authenticity.And the extent to which decisions are based on personal, right choice rather than inclination (as Teria phrased it). By taking full responsibility and not be dependent or rely on what others may say or think, a state of independence and interdependence will be reached. This responsibility also includes acceptance of what happens to one and the attitude with which someone embraces the cards dealt by life. Striking a balance between what is right, authentic and responsible action for me, and what am I inclined to do given the external, dependency based conditioning of conformism and totalitarianism, has shown itself in a number of instances.Whereas I had perceived meaning in some parts of my life, it was greatly lacking in my work environment. I was reveling in my â⠂¬Å"extra mural† sporting activities, had a great circle of friends and enjoyed wonderful times with my family. Yet, my work life was becoming increasingly grey. In 2005, I found myself stuck in a very successful, well paying corporate job at a company that has been my professional home for 25 years. Amidst all the success and trappings of corporate life was the feeling of time and potential being wasted. I was increasingly getting g more irritable with people around me, intolerant and short tempered.I was in an existential vacuum (Frankl 2004:110), and the only meaning I had was my sport where I lived my passion out by focusing on training for endurance events rather than making an effort to attend to my business challenges and responsibilities. I was displaying the classic characteristics of the neurotic triad with behavior of aggression (impatience with people around me), depression (boredom and feeling stuck) and addiction (excessive training). (Graber 2004:124). Over a pe riod of two years I contemplated my corporate life and finally reached the conclusion that my behavior at the time was not any different from that of a mercenary.I was not doing the job the company is paying me for to the fullest of my abilities neither was I free to express myself to my authentic calling. I was not living authentically and not according to my values and was becoming a cheat. â€Å"Man lives by ideals and values. Human existence is not authentic unless it is lived in terms of self-transcendence† (Frankl 1998:52). During this period my brother died of cancer at the relatively young age of 61 and my father passed away at the age of 93. The passing away of my father was in itself not a traumatic experience for me and by all accounts, not for him.As a Springbok track athlete he often referred to himself as â€Å"having run his last lap† and being ready to pass on. â€Å"For me the bell of the last lap has tolled. I am ready to die†, he often would t ell me. Maybe the death of my brother and father in the space of this time reminded me of the transitoriness of life. I was becoming acutely aware of the wealth in health and how important it is to do what my heart was telling me. I was increasingly questioning myself on what am I still doing here in a crude rendition of a Socratic dialogue.Confronting myself with questions like: * What is the worst that could happen? * Is this it? * Although I am successful, where to from here? * What advice will some of my mentors give me? * What if I was to get terminally ill – will I regret not having made the decision to leave? * But the most powerful question was a promise I made myself about 20 years earlier in my life, when as a 16 year old school boy, I likened myself to David Livingstone, the explorer. And I was not living this dream! I too wanted to explore one day. And this dream was slipping away from me.During the month of December 2006, I made the decision to resign. The tensio n I felt was text book existential vacuum but I had no idea and very little understanding on how to deal with it. although I was thinking about resigning constantly I am not sure exactly what made me do it that time and at the moment I did. A financial bonus had some effect on the timing of my public announcement but the final internal trigger escapes me. All I recall is one day standing alone in an office looking at the blue sky outside and thinking â€Å"there’s a sun shining outside, but not in here where I am! maybe this realization was final confirmation for me to get off my backside and step into the sun. This dynamic tension I experienced at the time can be graphically illustrated as follows: Consequences and possible outcomes of in-authentic actions What I want or must (selfish desire, conformism or totalitarianism) Dynamic tension within my conscience to do the right thing. The voice of reason with me which will guide me towards meaning. Consequences and possible ou tcomes of authentic right action Where am I nowWhat I ought (right action) Consequences of being responsible (and of being irresponsible) was particularly high on my agenda during this time. The consequences of staying in my current job felt to me like a bad compromise. I would have been untrue to myself, my company and my family by hanging around any longer. I felt torn between being responsible to a deep-felt desire to seek out a more purposeful life of meaning vs perpetuating lucrative mediocrity. Once the decision was taken and announced, I felt liberated, free and terribly alone.What I had to do here, is to look beyond my immediate circumstances to what might be. I had a dream and had to make some pretty uncomfortable decisions in order to get myself out of the headspace I was stuck in. Self transcendence, knowing that there is more waiting for me to be discovered covered my thinking. It was clear to me that the work has only just begun. As clear as I was that it’s time to go, as unclear was I on where to. It took me quite some time to get used to my new status as a free agent and many times felt anxious by my scope of free action.Too many choices and a deliberate action to seek out something new and meaningful lead me in many interesting directions – not all of them meaningful. Finally after almost 18 months of searching did I find a new rhythm and sense of energy. Like a snowball it gained momentum and with it, clarity of what I find meaningful as a vocation – helping people discover meaning in their own lives. My search for a new career had lead me to â€Å"adventure coaching† or what I would like to term â€Å"experiential logotherapy†. I have managed to manifest a ombination of two personal passions – physical adventure and helping people discover something unique about themselves best described by the personal development journeys to the slums of India and Everest Base Camp. This has become the signature pie ces of my new career – taking people on adventurous journeys mixing physical experience with contemplating matters of the mind and connecting to a deeper self. The EBC journey will be the subject of my research workshop and I will present more detail on this experience later in the year.Teaching in a Delhi slum school – I took people on a personal development journey in October 2011. At the moment I apply myself in 4 areas: Corporate Talent Management (businesses in Sandton) , Individual counseling and coaching (various types of people), Adventure coaching (journeys to India and Nepal) and Empowerment coaching (coaching disadvantaged black school kids). My empowerment coaching initiative is worth a mention. I do this at a school in Dobsonville, Soweto and this came about as follows: In 2010 I decided to climb Aconcagua in South America – the highest mountain in the world outside the Himalayas.I had taken the decision to do this expedition on my own, but was look ing for a cause that could benefit and hope to turn it into a fundraising campaign. A friend of mine was involved with a corporate social responsibility initiative called â€Å"one school at a time† and this fitted perfectly. He had identified Forte High school in Dobsonville as the first beneficiary of this CSI program and we turned my Aconcagua expedition into a fundraising campaign for the school. We managed to raise R530,000 through corporate contacts I had and the expedition was a huge success in financial terms.The climb itself was the hardest thing I’ve ever done and the lows I reached and internal change I experienced is food for another essay! Suffice to say I didn’t make it to the top as we were caught in a constant snow storm for 5 days at an altitude of 5,600m. Stuck for 5 days in a high altitude camp weakened us severely and when our food eventually ran out we pulled the plug and headed home. Some big logotherapy experiences! However, when I got bac k to SA I decided to do more at the school and offered to start group coaching conversations with some of the kids.Since then I have been working with groups of grade 10 and 11 kids facilitating structured conversations about whatever they choose to talk about – topics include confidence, fear, reaching dreams, relationships and doing picture dream boards. I am slowly working logotherapy into the conversations and the kids love it! Fundraising campaign in Johannesburg in October 2010 and carrying the flag on Aconcagua, South America (I’m on the right). In July this year, I will be taking a group of 15 high school kids to Dharamsala, India where the Dalai Lama lives, to â€Å"teach English to Tibetan monks†.This is part of their personal development program and aims to awaken gratitude, patience, understanding and strong sense of purpose with participants. We will go for 8 days and I am coordinating this journey directly with the office of the Tibetan People in C enturion. Responsibility is something I am acutely aware of. However, in the past couple of years I have become consciously aware of my responsibility to â€Å"be more† and not merely to â€Å"provide†. Life has so much to offer and if I can overcome my own self limiting beliefs and connect to my inner source of energy, I will be more.To make a difference and be of value are my governing intentions and I am constantly aware of the effort it takes to be authentic and responsible to the life that has been given to me. The opportunities and potentialities I encounter persistently remind me of what could be and pulls me towards living meaningfully. I am dependent on my own conscience and my faith in life, that meaning is all around me. I am also aware of the tasks and challenges life presents to me and believe that it is up to me to make it happen – not anyone else. Reference list: 1. Shantall, T 2002.Life’s meaning in the face of suffering. Testimonies of ho locaust survivors. Hebrew University Magnes Press. ISBN 965-493-142-7. 2. Frankl, V E 1988. The Will to Meaning. Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. Expanded edition. First Meridian Printing. 3. Frankl, V E 2000. Man’s search for ultimate meaning. Perseus Publishing. ISBN-13: 978-0-7382-0354-6. 4. Graber, A V 2004. Victor Frankl’s Logotherapy: Method of Choice in Ecumenical Pastoral Psychotherapy. Wyndham Hall Press. ISBN 1-55605-364-9. 5. Lukas, E 1998. Logotherapy Textbook: Meaning centered Psychotherapy. Liberty Press. ISBN 0-9686496-1-0.

Drug Smuggling in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Drug Smuggling in Australia - Essay Example These only make obvious the fact that most, if not all, of the country's drugs and narcotics supply come from outside its national borders. Because the drug problem has not yet been solved, the glaring truth is that the country's points of entry and exit remain vulnerable to drug smuggling. This paper aims to explain further the gravity of the problem in the current times as well as its potential consequences should it not be solved soon. Its significance dwell on the fact if an in-depth study of the problem is made, ideas may be drawn out to solve this. Ultimately, it may result into the necessary formulation of new policies against drug smuggling or the improvement of those already in existence. Just like many highly developed countries in the world, Australia has a problem with the proliferation of illegal drugs. Since it does not have its own source for these contraband, most of these drugs came from other countries and smuggled in through different means and transit points. This condition, fortunately, has made the country achieve a lesser incidence of drug use among its citizens compared to the US and the countries of Europe. However, this is not an excuse for complacency. In a survey done in 2004, 38 percent of the population aged 14 years and above were found to have used illegal drugs at least once. Of this number, 15 percent admitted that they used it only very recently. (Crime Facts Info) In fact, the problem may have only exacerbated with rising incidence of other crimes such as physical assault, sexual assault, robberies, and kidnappings. In many instances, drug use has been found to be contributing factors in the commission of these crimes. A majority of the cri minals have admitted using drugs. Historically, drug abuse in the country worsened during the Vietnam War. US soldiers on leave stayed in the country and they happen to be the most susceptible buyers of the drugs. The 1960's was also the time when the Australian youth, influenced by the hippie movement in the US, began to experiment on illicit drugs. Members of the US armed forces stationed in Australia's key cities smuggled heroin often from war-torn areas in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Thai-Burmese border. (Hamilton) Heroin, a narcotic byproduct of opium, was abundant in these areas. It was also the top selling illegal drug in the Asian-Pacific during these times. Australia, being near to the drug sources, was a most likely victim. After a brief surge in the 70's and 80's, heroin smuggling to the country has greatly diminished in the 90's. By the 2000's, there was virtually no more high-grade heroin being sold on the streets. (Weatherburn et al) However, the drug problem never actually abated since other addictive substances came into the country. Drugs as methamphetamine, cocaine, and morphine filled the void left by the heroin of Southeast Asian origin. In a media release in early 2008 by the AFP, the authorities claimed to have arrested 33 people for smuggling drugs internally. Those arrested and charged were on flights coming from Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, India, and the United Arab Emirates. (AFP, 2008) In 2008, Afghan heroin was smuggled into the country and was seen being sold in Sydney. (Kidman) II. Internal Drug Smuggling and Transnational Organized

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 15

Research paper - Essay Example In the following paragraphs, we will try to extract the information about the life of this great man from the biographies written about William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was the offspring of an alderman, John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, a daughter of a wealthy farmer. The birthplace of this great poet is Stratford-upon-Avon. No exact information is available about is date of birth but he was known to have been baptized on 26th April, 1564. There is no record of date of birth in church’s register but â€Å"traditionally, Shakespeare’s birthday has been 23rd April, which was feast of St.George† ( Potter 1). William Shakespeare was named after his godfather, William and â€Å" according to Camden, this name has been most common in England since king William the Conqueror â€Å" ( qtd. in Potter 5). The early schooling of the bard was done at King’ s New School situated at Stratford. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than he. The couple had to hasten their marriage due to the pregnancy of Anne. The couple had three children, the eldest a daughter name Susanna and twins Hamnet an d Judith. The son died in childhood at the age of 11. Bevington refers to the controversy regarding the religious affiliations of Shakespeare and suggests that no one has the sure knowledge whether he belonged to Anglican church or was a covert believer of Catholic church. He also alludes to the skeptic mind of the great poet ( Bevington ch. 2). Schoenbaum reveals that during Shakespeare’s time church going was compulsory and the people who did not attend the church were dragged to church by church court and were imposed heavy fines. Throwing light on religious leanings of William Shakespeare, Schoenbaum declares that â€Å" the religious training provided for Shakespeare by his community was orthodox and Protestant† ( 55). He also clarifies the claims that Shakespeare was a

Consumer behavior - marketing strategy Term Paper

Consumer behavior - marketing strategy - Term Paper Example Some of the major factors, which influence consumers’ decision regarding purchase of a product, include price of the product, quality of the product, self-image, cultural factors, and social pressure. â€Å"Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by cultural factors such as: buyer culture, subculture, and social class† (Shah). Analysis of consumer behavior is very important for the managers because it helps them develop marketing strategies in accordance with the mindset of the consumers. Strategic Marketing Planning Masters states, â€Å"Strategic marketing is a consumer-based approach to product promotion that identifies market segments and attempts to make them more profitable by providing superior value†. Strategic marketing is the type of marketing which managers use to create such plans for the company, which should not only motivate consumers to buy the products of the company but also should increase the productivity and profitability of the company. Produ ctivity depends on the satisfaction and retention of customers of the company. When the customers will be satisfied from the products of the company, they will work as a source to attract more customers for the company and as a result, the productivity and the profitability of the company will increase. ... All of these methods have a significant importance in marketing of a company’s products. These methods really prove to be successful for the companies to make consumers buy their products. Perner states, â€Å"The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies†. Strategic marketing is the powerful force, which drives an organization towards achievement of desired goals and objectives regarding any innovation. A company should typically create and develop a well-written strategic marketing plan, which should be able to promote the innovative products of any organization. The main purpose of designing and implementing an appropriate strategic marketing plan encompasses two basic motives. First motive is to attract consumers towards the product whereas the second motive is to increase the productivity of the company. If a company becomes able to attract the customers in a competitive market through suitable and effective marketing techn iques, its success and competitive edge in the market can really be guaranteed. Achieving market supremacy is the mission of most of the manufacturing companies and this mission can only be achieved through developing and launching such marketing campaigns strategies, which are able to reach a large number of consumers. Market supremacy can be achieved when a company uses such modes of marketing, which make use of latest technologies like internet, emails, television adds, and other stuff like that. When the managers of a company want to create a strategic marketing plan for a new product, they consult the plan with different departments, such as, sales, administration, and operation for of identification of marketing goals. It is the role

Reflective letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective letter - Assignment Example As such, I will seek to build on my formatting strengths by referring and practicing the Harvard, Chicago, and MLA writing styles as seen in the Purdue Online Writing Lab. On the other hand, I will seek to overcome my writing weaknesses by proof reading my work before submission. I will also do more research on the best writing skills and sentence construction. Using Microsoft PowerPoint by creating effective slides, APA formatting, critical analysis, and timely completion of assignments are items that represent my best work. This is because these items enabled me to address the writing subject in a detailed, effective, and timely manner in different writing platforms using the required writing style. Notably, the first assignment and the PowerPoint assignment were the most challenging assignments. Indeed, summarizing the most relevant information on the slides and achieving the correct sentence combination were very challenging. Nevertheless, I have begun to solve the problem in achieving correct sentence combination by writing more works, researching the best writing skills, and seeking guidance from my tutor. However, I am proud of my writing skills in assignment 2 because they depict my strength in formatting, great sentence combination, few grammatical errors, and objectivity. Ideally, I adopted efficient revision strategies that included class discussions, detailed research at the library, creating a revision timetable, and seeking professional advice from my tutors. I also addressed my peers, tutor review comments, and sought to perfect my writing skills by doing additional writing assignments. My writing, reading, and critical analysis assignments helped me in my writing since they prepared me to read, analyze the derived information, and present such information in writing using the correct writing style. Notably, the PowerPoint essay was the most informative since it taught me how to summarize, use visual

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Essay Example A colored compound having a chromophore is known as chromogen. 2. Give an example of an auxochrome and explain how it influences the absorption spectra of the molecule. If we change the pH of the solution how will that influence the spectrum, explain for full credit. In a molecule of nitrobenzene, –NO2 or nitro group is the chromophore. Nitrobenzene absorbs at 400nm and is pale yellow in color. When nitrobenzene is conjugated with the amine group, it froms nitro aniline. The amine group is the auxochrome. Nitroaniline absorbs light at 450nm and is a yellow compound. The longer resonance system decreases the energy gap between the ground state and excited state transition, thus producing visible color. This displacement to longer wavelength is known as bathochromic shift. The auxochrome (ie. amine group), is basic; it will gain a proton and will have a positive charge (electron withdrawing). That positive charge may activate the chromophore for a facile nucleophilic addition of hydroxide (or water) thus converting one pi orbital to a sigma orbital (loss of conguation and less stable pi system/more energy in that pi system) or the electron withdrawing effect pulls electrons away from sparsely populated pi-star orbitals (increases their ener gy) so the energy gap between pi and pi-star orbitals is larger. Larger energy, means larger frequency, means shorter wavelength (red shift or shorter wavelength). At alkaline pH, the absorbing system may be intact and will show red shift, but in acidic solution the amino - H2N group is replaced by - +NH3, which is considerably less efficient as an auxochrome. Thus in acidic solutions, a hypo chromic effect occurs resulting into a blue shift and the solution would appear light in color. 1. Verify the UV/VIS spectrophotometer is in the spectral wavelength range of the analytical method for

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Leadership - Essay Example Globalization though considered as advantageous for everyone, increases the concern of employees as it brings along change with itself. Change is referred to as doing this differently, in simpler terms; change is the process of doing same jobs in different ways. Change is highly disliked by employees as they fear that they will not be able to cope with change and will lose their jobs, thus employees tend to be an obstacle in the way of organization’s success if they stand against change. For example: In Information Technology industry, continuous change takes place, new software is developed to make work easier and to replace the older software. Employees fear that they might not be able to work on the new software and they resist this change as they fear they will be replaced by people who have knowledge of how to use the software. New software may be helpful in increasing productivity and decreasing loss of time, thus if firms in this industry fail to implement this change, they might continue with lower productivity and time will be wasted, thus they will not be able to compete against those firms that implement such changes. In these scenarios the leaders have to play a major role, they have to step forward and provide proper training to their followers so their followers can easily accept this change, leaders even have to articulate these changes to the employees and have to present a positive and beneficial picture of the acceptance of this change for the employees as well as the organization.

DU (The Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company that operates Research Paper

DU (The Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company that operates in the United Arab Emirates) - Research Paper Example Consumer segment focuses on people and households who are provided with mobile as well as fixed voice calling, apart from internet and related data services and television services. The business segment focuses on small scale as well as large scale businesses and corporations and government agencies. The company provides them with integrated fixed and mobile business solutions such as voice, contents, data and mobile or otherwise applications. Carrier segment focuses on providing carrier and international data networks as well as wholesale services to international companies and multinational corporations (Gulfbase.com, 2015). Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company is ranked as first in the telecommunication sector, and is ranked as fourth in the service market. The company holds 11.37 percent of the share in the telecommunication sector, and 7.56 percent of the market share in the service industry (Gulfbase.com, 2015). It employs 2000 workers throughout UAE and ensures a great working environment for both its home and expatriate staff. The company was late entrant to the telecommunication sector in the GCC, but it successfully competed against great players in the market such as Etisalat and managed to achieve 8.5 million prepaid mobile and data subscribers (Oracle.com, 2015). Solvency ratios give a significant metric to measure a company’s ability to meet its debts as well as other financial obligations. This ratio shows whether the cash flow is sufficient for the company to meet its financial liabilities of both short and long terms (investopedai.com, 2015). This paper presented a brief company profile of Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company, which is the leading provider of mobile and telecommunication services in UAE, and has been ranked to be the number one in the sector in UAE. This paper presented the income statement and balance sheet of the company and analyzed various ratios related to short term solvency or

The Invention and history of Coca Cola( in the United States) Research Paper

The Invention and history of Coca Cola( in the United States) - Research Paper Example Coca-Cola was made-up by him in a three legged brass kettle as a result of serendipity when he was experimenting with the coca leaf and cola nut (The History of Coca-Cola). After preparing the syrup for Coca-Cola, he took the jug along the street to Jacobs Pharmacy. It was at this place that the sample was termed "Excellent!!". The drink was highly appreciated and it was sold at five cents per glass. He accomplished first coke commercial and gave it a slogan "Delicious, Refreshing, Exhilarating!!!" (Fascinating Facts about the Invention of Coca-Cola ®). Pemberton fought during the Civil War for the South. He shifted to Atlanta after the war and started selling patent medicines. He was innovative and this made him operate his own laboratory under the name "Pemberton Chemical Co." The most popular drink sold by Pemberton was "Pembertons French Wine Coca", a drink prepared with wine and coca extract, and was widely accepted to cure nervous disorders, headache etc. The innovation continued and he came up with the "brain tonic", a temperance drink; Frank Robinson, a bookkeeper of Pemberton, first scripted this drink "Coca Cola" and this became the logo of the brand (Inventor of the Week Archive). Later, Asa Griggs Candler made Coca-Cola a popular drink in 1888. With his efforts and alterations he rectified the drink and made it more palatable by eliminating alcohol and cocaine. He popularized the drink through advertisements; moreover, he spent 20% revenue on advertising. Candler was a pioneer to have advertisement pay off in such a grand manner for the company (The History of Coca-Cola). The sale turned over to 4000% between the years 1890-1900. This gargantuan and massive success is attributed to the advertising potential that the company has shown. The advertisements were initiated by Candler, but later Coca-Cola became the most preferred soft drink of small town and big city inhabitants (The History of Coca-Cola). People used to gather to have the

Personal Definition and Understanding of Mythology and its Influences Essay Example for Free

Personal Definition and Understanding of Mythology and its Influences Essay Heaven, hell, angels, devils, gods, goddesses, monsters, and immortal heroes— as I was growing up as a child, these were the things which have been said to me about places, supreme beings, and creatures the existence of which I was not able to prove up to this moment. Over the years of growing up, I have come across lots of stories which both seemed believable but unverifiable to me. Thus, I can only conclude that these things, stories, and people are what are known today as myths. These things should be told to me to make me believe that supreme powers exist. Supreme powers, aside from the ultimate God whom my religion has taught me, govern and guide people to do good acts and avoid evil. Eventually, these things roused my curiosity. As I try to discover these unverifiable creatures, places, and supreme beings, I was able to understand myth and mythology. Mythology, in the literal sense, pertains to a collection of revered stories about a person, a group of persons, a culture, or humankind as a whole (Emery, 2008). Thus, through this definition, my own conception of myth and mythology matches as I see these stories as tales and epics that are made to provide people sacred role models to urge them to do such good acts based on the actions and experiences of these mythological beings. In this sense, mythological places and powers were told to influence the belief and ideology of individuals that humankind can be punished and rewarded according to their acts of either righteousness or evil. Also, mythological stories are also studied to somehow give a specific group of people an idea and grasp of their identity, the origin of their world, the rites and rituals in their culture, the basic point of view about life, and the concepts of death and after death (Kohler, 2008). When myths and mythologies are mentioned, the society that first enters my mind is that of the Greeks. Greek mythology has been the everlasting source of mythical gods and goddesses, epic wars of mortal and immortal heroes, stories of salvation, immortalization, condemnation to the underworld, and even the sacred stories of love and romance. These stories have been exposed to most of us in our primary and secondary educations, but these stories have existed and have remained immortal as its characters. These stories have existed since the immemorial history of the Greek race and society. I also find Greek mythology as one of the greatest mythologies that tells the story of humankind, as it reflects real-life acts, consequences, and tendencies. The aspect of gods talking and communicating to people may seem unrealistic, but if this aspect would be deeply examined, it could be inferred that Greek mythology gives people that idea in illusive form that communicating with God is never a hard or impossible task. Its characters also go through what usual people experience. As a result, even modern people can easily relate to and reflect on its stories. Personally, I believe that mythology, Greek mythology specifically, has had significant impacts in my beliefs and how I view life. I may be practicing one specific religion, but the stories I was able to learn in Greek mythology have affected me in such a way that I believed that all the good things people do in their lifetime have an equivalent reward (or penalty). The mythology’s concept of a grand place for people who have been fair and righteous in their lives have been guiding my beliefs all these years—that there might indeed be a special place for people who chose to do good and fair acts in their lives. These stories and tales from the mythologies of not just the Greeks but all the other ancient and even current societies may not all seem verifiable or credible for us contemporary individuals to believe. However, there appears neither harm nor threat in allowing these myths, mythological characters, and mythological epics to guide us in how we view life and what it offers us. As how I understand mythology, it is but a collection of lifetime stories that are bound to show people how to deal with life in the most positive way possible.

The external factors of up market Waitrose

The external factors of up market Waitrose This essay is going to analyze the external factors of up market Waitrose by competitive advantage (CA) of corporate strategy. it will particularly explain how Waitrose achieve integrate all the resources and competitive advantages into products achieve services value in external forces, according Waitrose recent strategies and explain how and why it will do so them from external forces. The Waitrose external forces include: Political, Economic, Socio Cultural and Technology. Background Waitrose Limited is an up market chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom and is the food division of the British retailer and worker co-operative the John Lewis Partnership. Its head office is in Bracknell, Berkshire, England as of June 2010, Waitrose had 228 branches across the United Kingdom and a 4.3% share of the market ¼Ã…’making it the 6th largest grocery retailer in the UK (Wikipedia 20110) Food sales are the core business of this supermarket, following the social and economy developing, more and more grocery markets have been set in the UK, Waitrose, Tesco, Sainsburys and ASDA, Together with Iceland, Somerfield and Waitrose these companies cost lots of money to get a great market share. Waitrose is operating supermarket in UK, it was founded in 1904 and owned by the John Lewis Partnership, it has operates 137 stores today, mostly sale foods in south-east of the UK, which in 2001 was estimated at  £103.4bn profit and currently employs more than 27.000 staff. It was a small to medium size and conveniently located supermarket. The 2001 turnover amounted to  £1.98bn, it was increase 13% than before, and pre-tax profits to 25.7 million expect decrease 15.7%, due to the purchase of 11 Kwik Save stores in 2000. Waitrose is recognized for its focused differentiation strategy targeting the up market with a wide range of quality and fresh products. (Prepared by andidas.com December 2002) When we looked back to the Political, Economic, Socio Cultural and Technology of Waitrose, they are all supporting by external strengths and opportunities, in the same time; it will achieve its benefit through the whole external value. Waitrose has specialized of wines, fresh food and delicatessen in the sales; they can be bought from special other counters. Waitrose has a high profit margin due to specially luxury goods. But some other products have positioned their own brand labels sell in the Supercenters, and it was bigger than the existing Waitrose stores, thus it was the threat comes from competing chain, but it will diversify the risk and increase the potential target market. Therefore this activity can offer their products at lower prices for economies of scale (Prepared by andidas.com December 2002) Discussion PEST Analysis Political Political was a key force to determined a company successful or not, Waitrose as a successful supermarket enter the peoples life. It will to make a peoples group often to buy some products from only one supermarket, it was a Trademark effects and is key point for the company. However, Waitrose was successful could not leave the result of stability of government. It could prove dangerous ground for politicians in the long term. Picking one supermarket brand over another could be an issue. Supermarket buyers tend to be tribal. People say they are Tesco people or Sainsburys shoppers. (08 April 2010 | By Ruth Mortimer) Therefore, most people who often buy the products from Waitrose; they would call themselves the Waitrose people in the future. In the political have four parts; they are GM-food, planning policy guidance (PPG), Competition Commission and EU Competition Law. GM-food was named genetically modified foods, they are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Waitrose brand food has not permit use of GM food, or ingredients or additives. But Waitrose often use obtain food and food ingredients as the conventional brand, it was better than GM food. Waitrose never sell any GM food or food ingredients derived from GM crops under Waitrose brand. So any GM-food must be clearly labeled as required by law and products produced should be print material manufacturers brand Secondly; it is planning policy guidance (PPG). Waitrose was hard to get planning permission by shops for outside of city. Thus Waitrose was to unveiling plans for new shops. It was need an operative control of their ownership; Thus Waitrose always set more small stores in the same place. For example, Waitrose set out more than 13 stores in the London; they have large numbers convenience stores, in which to get a high market share; it was a great strategy in the market. The Government remains firmly committed to the objectives of PPG6, which seeks to sustain and enhance the vitality and viability of our existing city, town, district and local centers and to make them the focus for retail investment(*The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (2000) Waitrose is to buy 13 stores from the Co-operative Group and plans to open nine more stores in 2009, in a move that will create 4,000 new jobs.( By James Thompson Friday 16 January 2009) Thirty, the Competition Commission, more and more different companies supermarket enter the market; it was the competition by each others. It was not only to decrease price for products to get a high market share. Waitrose always control the products price and have good benefits for themselves, sometimes cooperation been necessary in the competition market, it was to increase the Comprehensive Strength by themselves; therefore, Waitrose add some more jobs with the cooperation deal was very good; Waitrose is to buy 13 stores from the Co-operative Group and plans to open nine more stores in 2009, in a move that will create 4,000 new jobs. The John Lewis Partnership-owned grocer said the conditional agreement to buy the Co-op stores, made possible by the latters acquisition of Somerfield, cleared by competition authorities yesterday will deliver 1,500 jobs. It then plans to open nine stores organically in 2009 will create another 2,500. (By James Thompson Friday 16 January 2009) Finally, Waitrose set a suitable policy should accommodate UK competition law. Economic Economic is an important force to decide companies development. Waitrose created a good market value before. The shoppers loved Waitrose because Waitrose have many prefect products enter the market. As the successful supermarket, Waitrose had prefect profits following development. The 2001, Waitrose have turnover amounted to ¿Ã‚ ¡1.98bn(+13%), pre-tax profits to 25.7bn(-15.7%, due to the purchase of 11Kwik Save store in 2000). Waitrose is recognized for its focused differentiation strategy targeting the up market with a wide range of quality and fresh products. (Environment fit analysis Waitrose report. December 2002) Recession-proof Following the economic crisis appears; most customers worry about the recession appears to be on the wane, more and more discount products enter the Waitrose. It was a method to make the customers back into Waitrose. And then Waitrose made the profit recovery or increase the profit to sales more seasonal food and drinks. Waitrose saw sales grow 10.2% in the 12 weeks to 9 August, according to the latest TNS World panel figures almost twice as fast as the grocery sectors average of 5.6%. The performance of Waitrose, part of John Lewis, was boosted by its Essentials range, aimed at luring value-conscious consumers away from the discount sector. (Waitrose sales grow as recession fears  fade. Recession 2009) Socio Cultural Waitrose was very carefully choice every food, because Waitrose objective was to achieve the products were healthy, and then Waitrose had special cultural pay an attention to the customers in the market. They are include suggest kind of recipes, healthy eating and weight lost for customers. Therefore, more and more customers love to buy products from Waitrose. And another important was Waitrose always to keep their food, drink and fresh, frozen food in every store. Waitrose had healthier choices offer delicious healthier alternatives to your favorite foods, being either lower in fat, saturated fat, sugar or calories. You can choose from warming meals such as chicken korma to everyday ingredients such as cream and cheese (Waitrose website) Waitrose be good at to understand customers need, and often to add their business module; for example Waitrose set up the website and free delivery to make the customer easy to buy anything in the home if they want. Waitrose often to consider direction for environment development, therefore Waitrose have a good conscious for environment. For example, Waitrose cross the marketing research, 70% staff will go shopping by car, so Waitrose always build a large and a good parking for the customers, in the parking fee part, Waitrose use a 1.5 hours parking for free if customers want to buy products in the Waitrose. it will increase the customers

Purpose And Importance Of Tertiary Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay

Purpose And Importance Of Tertiary Treatment Environmental Sciences Essay The main purpose of the tertiary treatment is to ensure that the treated water which is to be released on to the environment is biologically accepted by all other fresh water organisms such as weeds and algae. This part of the treatment includes processes like physical water treatment, lagooning, and excessive nutrient removal processes.to ensure that the discharged water is raised in effluent quality before proceeding to the final stages. In physical water treatment, much of the residual suspended matters are removed using only physical processes such as sedimentation  method and the infamous filtration method. In the sedimentation  method, the water is place in a certain tank to allow all the remaining heaver objects to sink down to the bottom of the container. After few hours went most of the dense object are separated from the water, the cleared effluent or waste stream is removed. Sedimentation is one of the most common methods, quite often used at the beginning and the end of many water treating processes. Another physical method that is commonly used in the sewage water treatment system is the filtration method. In filtration, the water is allowed to pass through filters to separate the contaminating solids from the water. Sand filter is a common filter used in this process. In a number of wastewater treatment methods, semi-solid contaminants like grease and oil are allowed to float on the surface of the wat er, and then they are physically removed. Besides the in lagooning where lagoon is a stationary system having a continuous flow: several ponds working in parallel in which the inlet flow and the outlet flow are equals form lagoon plants. The lagooning technique is a natural and very efficient technique that consists in the accumulation of wastewater in ponds or basins, known as biological or stabilization ponds, where a series of biological, biochemical and physical processes take place. In these ponds or lagoons, certain types of the microorganism are actually supported as these biological agents help in treating the water further by removing the fine particulates. These types of biological ponds are usually classified as anaerobic ponds or oxidation ponds depending on the shape, depth, organic rate, level of treatment of that particular lagoon itself. The excessive nutrient removal is the most viral step in the last stages of the water treatment before the water is released to the environment. When the previously treated water comes to this area of the system, the nutrients level mainly nitrogen and phosphorus in the water is checked. Where if found in excess, the excessive nutrient removal step is carried out. This is because if the unchecked water supply is to be released into the natural water system (river, pond, etc.) it will cause a sudden increase in the native microorganism population of that certain water system. Some of the native microorganisms which are commonly found in ponds today are usually weeds, algae, and cyanobacteria. Therefore, after the sudden rapid grown in the population of these microorganisms, the number of algae for example, becomes unsustainable which causes most of them to die and eventually decay. The following decay process would substantially increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in that par ticular pond, which would cause the other fresh water living organism such as fishes to die as well. Firstly, the nitrogen removal process is carried out. There are various methods of removing nitrogen, each with advantages and disadvantages. However, the biological treatment method is used most commonly. With this method, organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrous and nitrate nitrogen in an aerobic environment, and is dispersed into the atmosphere as anaerobic nitrogen gas. Therefore the gas is removed from the water and released to the atmosphere. And as there is no secondary pollution, this can be called an effective method. In the removal of phosphorus is usually carried out using a method called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The first process in EBPR is the mainstream biological treatment process. Where the utilizing of aerobic and solids separation zones and the provision of return activated sludge are carried out. The next is a first side stream process for anoxic/anaerobic selection of desirable BPR organisms such as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Finally, a second side stream process serves to ferment organic material in some of the return activated sludge to produce food utilized in the first side stream selection process. The system permits the three processes to be separated from each other by creating two side streams, allowing all three processes to be controlled separately and optimized in satisfying their own specific goals. Besides this biological method, the removal of phosphorus can also be done via chemical precipitation, usually with salts of iron, alu minum, or lime. Chemical precipitation is usually more reliable, easier to operate, and requires smaller equipment footprint than biological removal. But the main back draws of this chemical method is that it may form excessive sludge production as hydroxides precipitates and the chemical used in this method might be considered expensive. The importance of Wastewater Treatment in our society Water scarcity is the major problem that is faced all across the world. Although 2/3rd of the earths crust is made up of water but all this water is not available for drinking and for other human activities as either it is locked in the form of ice or present in the form of vast saline oceans and seas. It has been found out that 97% of the total water is salty that is of no use to human and animals (except marine animal) and the remaining three percent is available as freshwater. More than half of this three percent is locked in glacier and less than 0.01% is available as fresh water. So water resources are less as compare to human demand for water. Above this, the major part of water that can be consumed is getting polluted because of human activities. This polluted and untreated water is causing abundant water borne diseases. Then the world is facing a huge climatic change which is further aggravating the water problem. Some of the regions are getting more rain water than earlier and some are getting almost negligible. Experts even believe that the next World War would not be for oil or land but it will be for water. Also because of improper use of water and lack of water treatment, the problem of water crisis will further increase where 884 million people are already not getting easy access to safe drinking water. And a further 2.5 billion people are getting difficult access to water for disposable and sanitation. Agriculture is also overusing and polluting the ground water thus depleting the natural source of water. So here water treatment plants will play important role. Water crisis at present is the biggest problem according to the United Nations. Almost 25 countries of Africa, parts of China, Peru and Brazil in Latin America, some parts of Middle East like Iran, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay are some of the countries that are facing the water crisis. Even other parts of the world are facing the varied levels of the water crisis. Because of acute shortage of water, the food problems are getting aggravated. About 40 million people in Africa are facing the problem of food shortage. It is expected that if the similar conditions will persist then there will be 500 million till 2025 who will suffer from these problems. Nature has its role but the major water problem is arising because of its increasing consumption and faulty usage. Major chunk of the problem can be solved if the wastewater treatment is taken very seriously and precautions at every step are taken to improve the water quality.

The Hellenistic Homemaker Essay -- Marriage Athenian Women Papers

The Hellenistic Homemaker In both Xenophon’s Oeconomicus and Lysias’ defense of Euphiletus’ murder of Eratosthenes, insight into the purpose and function of Athenian marriage may be gained by examination of the speeches of two citizens about their wives and their homes. Through both texts, it becomes apparent that the citizen’s value of his wife is based upon his wife’s ability as an â€Å"oikonomikos† or â€Å"skilled household manager† (Strauss, 3). It is through filling this role as her husband’s housekeeper that an Athenian woman experienced a loss of personal freedom and found herself trapped within a marriage in which she had little contact or much in common with her husband. A woman’s role as oikonomikos is described by Euphiletus’ address of an Athenian citizen-jury and by Socrates’ discourse with Ischomachos, through which he strives to understand the best way by which a household may be managed. An Athenian marriage was formed to unite a household, or â€Å"oikos†, with an overseer to manage it. This housekeeper was responsible for maintaining the wealth of the oikos, serving as manager over the servants of the oikos, and, by providing heirs, assuring that the oikos would continue to exist and grow in the future. Socrates believed that â€Å"†¦while the possessions usually come into the house through the man’s actions, they are expended for the most part in the course of the woman’s housekeeping; and when these things turn out well, the households increase†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Xenophon, III.11). A good oikonomikos was essential for the proper function of the home. Marriage existed as a business agreement between a husband and his in-laws, who negotiated it, and between a husband and his wife, who maintained it. The marriage was first arranged bet... ...en is well described through the requirements of being a good housekeeper- they must be young, uneducated, fertile, submissive, and remain in the home. In order to fill these roles well, Xenophon, in his Oeconomicos, and Lysias, through his defense of Euphiletus, show that women must necessarily experience a loss of freedom in order to maintain the virtues of an oikonomikos, and that also as a result of filling this house-manager role, they are so far removed from their husbands mentally and in daily experience because of age and custom, that romantic love would be inhibited. Works Cited Freeman, Kathleen. The Murder of Herodes and Other Trials from the Athenian Law Courts. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 1991. Strauss, Leo. Xenophon’s Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Negative Effects Experienced By Our Children :: essays research papers

Cause and Effect Negative Effects Experienced By Our Children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What have I done? What will my children have to endure today because of the mistakes I made yesterday? â€Å"†¦ but causing the negative effects of the parents’ offenses to be experienced by their children and grandchildren†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Exodus 34:7 (Complete Jewish Bible)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"And do you, MaLinda, take this man to be your lawful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I don’t think I love this man, but what do I do? I’m four months pregnant. What would people think of me if I didn’t get married? And all these people-how would they feel-making them come here and then I say no? What do I do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦To have and to hold, so long as you both shall live?† Sigh-â€Å"I do.† Oh God, I hope I didn’t just make a mistake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sometimes I wonder how different things would be had I not made that second mistake. The first, well that was having sex outside of marriage. I knew it was wrong, but who knew HOW wrong? I didn’t just affect me-it affected my family, his family and the lives of my two children. Sometimes I think they got hurt the worst. Eight years of marriage. How long did they suffer? How long before I realized what was going on?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My daughter was two years old when I decided that maybe another baby would help. So we had our second child, a boy. It didn’t help. There wasn’t a lot of arguing. There was no communication, just existence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was April 1998 when I received the call. One of my former daycare children had made a complaint. There had been suspicion, but not evidence. They called me in-asked me questions. They asked my children questions. I don’t know if we helped.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was June 1999 when he was found guilty of lewd acts with a minor-2 counts. It’s been 6 years since I’ve removed my children from that house. I still see the negative effects of the mistakes I made. My daughter suffered from emotional stress. For example, for a while we had problems with her seeing imaginary friends. She would watch her two dragons fly around the room or outside of the vehicle. It got to the point where she could even shrink them to fit into her pocket. This way she could take them to class with her. It became even more serious when she tried to get her brother and two cousins involved in playing with her imaginary dragons.

Disaster in Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art Essay -- One Art

Disaster in Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art Art is not life. More, it is a deception, mirroring experience and emotion, but never truly becoming that which it reflects. Art is attractive in that it is a controlled balance between rigid structure, which is too mundane for its purposes, and chaotic discord, which is too feral. Poetry is art. Loss is not. In her villanelle â€Å"One Art,† Elizabeth Bishop proves this to be so. The poem itself is an emotive crescendo, and while its speaker struggles to hold the pain of loss within the confines of art, its readers note the incongruity of such an effort. One word prompts them, and fuels Bishop’s crescendo with a momentum, a tone, and a coda; â€Å"disaster† impels the poem â€Å"One Art.† Fittingly, the crescendo begins softly. The poem’s opening stanza assumes a fairly impassive tone, which transpires from the speaker’s feigned indifference toward the prospect of losing. Though the immediate clash between Bishop’s title and its implication briefly upsets the mind from a logical standpoint, the speaker’s hasty assurance that loss is â€Å"no disaster† seem...

Frostbite Chapter 19

Nineteen I HATE BEING POWERLESS. AND I hate going down without a fight. What had taken place outside in the alley hadn't been a real fight. If it had- if I'd been beaten into submission †¦ well, yeah. Maybe I could accept that. Maybe. But I hadn't been beaten. I'd barely gotten my hands dirty. Instead, I'd gone quietly. Once they had us sitting on the floor of the van, they'd bound each of our hands behind our back with flex-cuffs- strips of plastic that cinched together and held just as well as anything made of metal. After that, we rode in near silence. The men occasionally murmured something to each other, speaking too softly for any of us to hear. Christian or Mia might have been able to understand the words, but they were in no position to communicate anything to the rest of us. Mia looked as terrified as she had out on the street, and while Christian's fear had rapidly given way to his typical haughty anger, even he didn't dare act out with guards nearby. I was glad for Christian's self-control. I didn't doubt any of these men would smack him if he got out of line, and neither I nor the other novices were in a position to stop them. That was what really drove me crazy. The instinct to protect Moroi was so deeply ingrained in me that I couldn't even pause to worry about myself. Christian and Mia were the focus. They were the ones I had to get out of this mess. And how had this mess started? Who were these guys? That was a mystery. They were human, but I didn't believe for an instant that a group of dhampirs and Moroi had been random kidnapping victims. We'd been targeted for a reason. Our captors made no attempts to blindfold us or conceal our route, which I didn't take as a good sign. Did they think we didn't know the city well enough to retrace our steps? Or did they figure it didn't matter since we wouldn't be leaving wherever they were taking us? All I sensed was that we were driving away from downtown, off toward a more suburban area. Spokane was as dull as I'd imagined. Unlike where pristine white snow lay in drifts, slushy gray puddles lined the streets and dirty patches dotted the lawns. There were also a lot fewer evergreen trees than I was used to. The scraggly, leafless deciduous trees here seemed skeletal by comparison. They only added to the mood of impending doom. After what felt like less than an hour, the van turned down a quiet cul-de-sac, and we drove up to a very ordinary- yet large- house. Other houses- identical in the way suburban homes often are- stood nearby, which gave me hope. Maybe we could get some help from the neighbors. We pulled inside the garage, and once the door was back down, the men ushered us into the house. It looked a lot more interesting on the inside. Antique, claw-footed sofas and chairs. A large, saltwater fish tank. Swords crossed over the fireplace. One of those stupid modern art paintings that consisted of a few lines splayed across the canvas. The part of me that enjoyed destroying things would have liked to study the swords in detail, but the main floor wasn't our destination. Instead, we were led down a narrow flight of stairs, down to a basement as large as the floor above. Only, unlike the main floor's open space, the basement was sectioned off into a series of halls and closed doors. It was like a rat's maze. Our captors led us through it without hesitation, into a small room with a concrete floor and unpainted drywall. The furniture inside consisted of several very uncomfortable-looking wooden chairs with slatted backs- backs that proved to be a convenient place for rebinding our hands. The men seated us in such a way that Mia and Christian sat on one side of the room, and the rest of us dhampirs sat on the other. One guy- the leader, apparently- watched carefully as one of his henchmen bound Eddie's hands with new flex-cuffs. â€Å"These are the ones you especially have to watch,† he warned, nodding toward us. â€Å"They'll fight back.† His eyes traveled first to Eddie's face, then Mason's, and then mine. The guy and I held each other's gaze for several moments, and I scowled. He looked back over at his associate. â€Å"Watch her in particular.† When we'd been restrained to his satisfaction, he barked out a few more orders to the others and then left the room, shutting the door loudly behind him. His steps echoed through the house as he walked upstairs. Moments later, silence fell. We sat there, staring at each other. After several minutes, Mia whimpered and started to speak. â€Å"What are you going to- â€Å" â€Å"Shut up,† growled one of the men. He took a warning step toward her. Blanching, she cringed but still looked as though she might say something else. I caught her eye and shook my head. She stayed silent, eyes wide and a slight tremble to her lip. There's nothing worse than waiting and not knowing what'll happen to you. Your own imagination can be crueler than any captor. Since our guards wouldn't talk to us or tell us what was in store, I imagined all sorts of horrible scenarios. The guns were the obvious threat, and I found myself pondering what a bullet would feel like. Painful, presumably. And where would they shoot? Through the heart or the head? Quick death. But somewhere else? Like the stomach? That would be slow and painful. I shuddered at the thought of my life bleeding out of me. Thinking of all that blood put me in mind of the Badica house and maybe having our throats slit. These men could have knives as well as guns. Of course, I had to wonder why we were still alive at all. Clearly they wanted something from us, but what? They weren't asking for information. And they were human. What would humans want with us? Usually the most we feared from humans was either running into crazy slayer types or those who wanted to experiment on us. These seemed like neither. So what did they want? Why were we here? Over and over, I imagined more awful, gruesome fates. The looks on my friends' faces showed I wasn't the only one who could envision creative torments. The smell of sweat and fear filled the room. I lost track of time and was suddenly jolted out of my imaginings when footsteps sounded on the stairs. The lead captor stepped into the hall. The rest of the men straightened up, tension crackling around them. Oh God. This was it, I realized. This was what we'd been waiting for. â€Å"Yes, sir,† I heard the leader say. â€Å"They're in here, just like you wanted.† Finally, I realized. The person behind our kidnapping. Panic shot through me. I had to escape. â€Å"Let us out of here!† I yelled, straining at my bindings. â€Å"Let us out of here, you son of a- â€Å" I stopped. Something inside of me shriveled up. My throat went dry. My heart wanted to stop. The guard had returned with a man and a woman I didn't recognize. I did, however, recognize that they were †¦ †¦ Strigoi. Real, live- well, figuratively speaking- Strigoi. It all suddenly clicked together. It wasn't just the Spokane reports that had been true. What we'd feared- Strigoi working with humans- had come true. This changes everything. Daylight wasn't safe anymore. None of us were safe anymore. Worse, I realized these must be the rogue Strigoi- the ones who had attacked the two Moroi families with human help. Again, those horrible memories came to me: bodies and blood everywhere. Bile rose in my throat, and I tried to shift my thoughts from the past to the present situation. Not that that was any more reassuring. Moroi had pale skin, the kind of skin that blushed and burned easily. But these vampires†¦their skin was white, chalky in a way that made it look like the result of a bad makeup job. The pupils of their eyes had a red ring around them, driving home what monsters they were. The woman, actually, reminded me of Natalie- my poor friend whose father had convinced her to turn Strigoi. It took me a few moments to figure out what the resemblance was because they looked nothing alike. This woman was short- probably human before becoming Strigoi- and had brown hair with a bad highlighting job. Then it hit me. This Strigoi was a new one, much as Natalie had been. It didn't become obvious until I compared her with the Strigoi man. The Strigoi woman's face had a little life in it. But his †¦ his was the face of death. His face was completely devoid of any sort of warmth or gentler emotion. His expression was cold and calculating, laced with malicious amusement. He was tall, as tall as Dimitri, and had a slender frame that indicated he'd been Moroi before changing over. Shoulder-length black hair framed his face and stood out against the bright scarlet of his dress shirt. His eyes were so dark and brown that without the red ring, it would have been almost impossible to tell where pupil ended and iris began. One of the guards shoved me hard, even though I'd been silent. He glanced up at the Strigoi man. â€Å"You want me to gag her?† I suddenly realized I'd been hunching into the back of my chair, unconsciously trying to get as far away from him as possible. He realized this too, and a thin, toothless smile crossed his lips. â€Å"No,† he said. His voice was silky and low. â€Å"I'd like to hear what she has to say.† He raised an eyebrow at me. â€Å"Please. Continue.† I swallowed. â€Å"No? Nothing to add? Well. Do feel free to pipe up if something else comes to mind.† â€Å"Isaiah,† exclaimed the woman. â€Å"Why are you keeping them here? Why haven't you just contacted the others?† â€Å"Elena, Elena,† Isaiah murmured to her. â€Å"Behave yourself. I'm not going to pass up the chance to enjoy myself with two Moroi and †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He walked behind my chair and lifted my hair, making me shudder. A moment later, he peered at Mason and Eddie's necks as well. â€Å"†¦three unblooded dhampirs.† He spoke those words with an almost happy sigh, and I realized he'd been looking for guardian tattoos. Strolling over to Mia and Christian, Isaiah rested a hand on his hip as he studied them. Mia could only meet his eyes for an instant before looking away. Christian's fear was palpable, but he managed to return the Strigoi's scrutiny. It made me proud. â€Å"Look at these eyes, Elena.† Elena walked over and stood beside Isaiah as he spoke. â€Å"That pale blue. Like ice. Like aquamarines. You almost never get that outside of the royal houses. Badicas. Ozeras. The occasional Zeklos.† â€Å"Ozera,† said Christian, trying very hard to sound fearless. Isaiah tilted his head. â€Å"Really? Surely not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He leaned closer to Christian. â€Å"But the age is right†¦and that hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He smiled. â€Å"Lucas and Moira's son?† Christian said nothing, but the confirmation on his face was obvious. â€Å"I knew your parents. Great people. Unparalleled. Their deaths were a shame†¦ but, well†¦ I daresay they brought that on themselves. I told them they shouldn't have gone back for you. Would have been wasteful to awaken you so young. They claimed they were going to just keep you around and waken you when you were older. I warned them that that would be a disaster, but, well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He gave a delicate shrug. â€Å"Awaken† was the term Strigoi used among themselves when they changed over. It sounded like a religious experience. â€Å"They wouldn't listen, and disaster met them in a different way.† Hatred, deep and dark, boiled behind Christian's eyes. Isaiah smiled again. â€Å"It's quite touching that you should find your way to me after all this time. Perhaps I can realize their dream after all.† â€Å"Isaiah,† said the woman- Elena- again. Every word out of her mouth seemed like a whine. â€Å"Call the others- â€Å" â€Å"Stop giving me orders!† Isaiah grabbed her shoulder and shoved her away- except that the push knocked her across the room and almost through the wall. She just barely threw her hand out in time to stop the impact. Strigoi had better reflexes than dhampirs or even Moroi; her lack of grace meant he'd completely caught her off guard. And really, he'd barely touched her. The push had been light- yet it had packed the force of a small car. This further enforced my belief that he was in another class altogether. His strength beat hers by magnitudes. She was like a fly he could swat away. Strigoi power increased with age- as well as through the consumption of Moroi blood and, to a lesser extent, dhampir blood. This guy wasn't just old, I realized. He was ancient. And he'd drunk a lot of blood over the years. Terror filled Elena's features, and I could understand her fear. Strigoi turned against each other all the time. He could have ripped her head off if he wanted. She cowered, averting her eyes. â€Å"I†¦ I'm sorry, Isaiah.† Isaiah smoothed his shirt- not that it had been wrinkled. His voice took on the cold pleasantness he'd affected earlier. â€Å"You clearly have opinions here, Elena, and I welcome you voicing them in a civilized manner. What do you think we should do with these cubs?† â€Å"You should- that is, I think we should just take them now. Especially the Moroi.† She was clearly working hard not to whine again and annoy him. â€Å"Unless†¦you aren't going to throw another dinner party, are you? It's a complete waste. We'll have to share, and you know the others won't be grateful. They never are.† â€Å"I'm not making a dinner party out of them,† he declared loftily. Dinner party? â€Å"But I'm not killing them yet either. You're young, Elena. You only think about immediate gratification. When you're as old as me, you won't be so †¦ impatient.† She rolled her eyes when he wasn't looking. Turning, he swept his gaze over me, Mason, and Eddie. â€Å"You three, I'm afraid, are going to die. There's no avoiding it. I'd like to say I'm sorry, but, well, I'm not. Such is the way of the world. You do have a choice in how you die, however, and that will be dictated by your behavior.† His eyes lingered on me. I didn't really get why everyone seemed to be singling me out as the troublemaker here. Well, maybe I did. â€Å"Some of you will die more painfully than others.† I didn't need to see Mason and Eddie to know their fear mirrored mine. I was pretty sure I even heard Eddie whimper. Isaiah abruptly turned on his heels, military-style, and faced Mia and Christian. â€Å"You two, fortunately, have options. Only one of you will die. The other will live on in glorious immortality. I'll even be kind enough to take you under my wing until you're a little older. Such is my charity.† I couldn't help it. I choked on a laugh. Isaiah spun around and stared at me. I fell silent and waited for him to throw me across the room like he had Elena, but he did nothing else but stare. It was enough. My heart raced, and I felt tears brim in my eyes. My fear shamed me. I wanted to be like Dimitri. Maybe even like my mother. After several long, agonizing moments, Isaiah turned back to the Moroi. â€Å"Now. As I was saying, one of you will be awakened and live forever. But it will not be me who wakens you. You will choose to be awakened willingly.† â€Å"Not likely,† said Christian. He packed as much snarky defiance as he could manage into those two words, but it was still obvious to everyone else in the room that he was scared out of his mind. â€Å"Ah, how I love the Ozera spirit,† mused Isaiah. He glanced at Mia, his red eyes gleaming. She shrank back in fear. â€Å"But don't let him upstage you, my dear. There's strength in common blood, too. And here's how it will be decided.† He pointed at us dhampirs. His gazed chilled me all over, and I imagined I could smell the stink of decay. â€Å"If you want to live, all you have to do is kill one of these three.† He turned back to the Moroi. â€Å"That's it. Not unpleasant at all. Just tell one of these gentlemen here you want to do it. They'll release you. Then you drink from them and are awakened as one of us. Whoever does this first walks free. The other will be dinner for Elena and me.† Silence hung in the room. â€Å"No,† said Christian. â€Å"No way am I killing one of my friends. I don't care what you do. I'll die first.† Isaiah waved a dismissive hand. â€Å"Easy to be brave when you aren't hungry. Go a few days without any other sustenance †¦ and yes, these three will start to look very good. And they are. Dhampirs are delicious. Some prefer them to Moroi, and while I myself have never shared such beliefs, I can certainly appreciate the variety.† Christian scowled. â€Å"Don't believe me?† asked Isaiah. â€Å"Then let me prove it.† He walked back over to my side of the room. I realized what he was going to do and spoke without fully thinking things through. â€Å"Use me,† I blurted out. â€Å"Drink from me.† Isaiah's smug look faltered for a moment, and his eyebrows rose. â€Å"You're volunteering?† â€Å"I've done it before. Let Moroi feed off me, I mean. I don't mind. I like it. Leave the rest of them alone.† â€Å"Rose!† exclaimed Mason. I ignored him and looked beseechingly at Isaiah. I didn't want him to feed off me. The thought made me sick. But I had given blood before, and I'd rather him take pints from me before he touched Eddie or Mason. I couldn't read his expression as he sized me up. For half a second, I thought he might go for it, but instead he shook his head. â€Å"No. Not you. Not yet.† He walked over and stood before Eddie. I pulled against my flex-cuffs so hard that they dug painfully into my skin. They didn't give. â€Å"No! Leave him alone!† â€Å"Quiet,† snapped Isaiah, without looking at me. He rested one hand on the side of Eddie's face. Eddie trembled and had gone so pale, I thought he would faint. â€Å"I can make this easy, or I can make it hurt. Your silence will encourage the former.† I wanted to scream, wanted to call Isaiah all sorts of names and make all sorts of threats. But I couldn't. My eyes flicked around the room, searching for exits, as I had so many times before. But there were none. Just blank, bare white walls. No windows. The one precious door, always guarded. I was helpless, just as helpless as I'd been from the moment they'd pulled us into the van. I felt like crying, more from frustration than fear. What kind of guardian would I be if I couldn't protect my friends? But I stayed quiet, and a look of satisfaction crossed Isaiah's face. The fluorescent lighting gave his skin a sickly, grayish hue, emphasizing the dark circles under his eyes. I wanted to punch him. â€Å"Good.† He smiled at Eddie and held his face so that the two made direct eye contact. â€Å"Now, you won't fight me, will you?† As I've mentioned, Lissa was good at compulsion. But she couldn't have done this. In seconds, Eddie was smiling. â€Å"No. I won't fight you.† â€Å"Good,† repeated Isaiah. â€Å"And you'll give me your neck freely, won't you?† â€Å"Of course,† replied Eddie, tilting his head back. Isaiah brought his mouth down, and I looked away, trying to focus on the threadbare carpet instead. I didn't want to see this. I heard Eddie emit a soft, happy moan. The feeding itself was relatively quiet- no slurping or anything like that. â€Å"There.† I glanced back when I heard Isaiah speak again. Blood dripped from his lips, and he ran his tongue across them. I couldn't see the wound on Eddie's neck, but I suspected it was bloody and horrible too. Mia and Christian stared wide-eyed, both with fear and fascination. Eddie gazed off in a happy, drugged haze, high from both the endorphins and the compulsion. Isaiah straightened up and smiled at the Moroi, licking the last of the blood off his lips. â€Å"You see?† he told them, moving toward the door. â€Å"It's just that easy.†

Disipline in Schools Essay

The definitions of ‘violence’, ‘bullying’ and ‘indiscipline clearly incorporate a wide range of behaviors which can alter depending on both the context within which the behaviors are enacted, and, indeed, with whom they are directed towards. Discipline in schools is now passing through an extended eclipse. The problem of indiscipline permeates all facets of our life. It has, in fact brought us down to the knees Each day there are thousands of kids who go to school and get picked on in some way or another. Those same kids will probably come home and tell nobody about the pain that they are going through inside. There are numerous causes and solutions for this problem that we are facing in our schools. One main cause is that those doing the discipline problems suffer from bad parenting. I believe that parents need to be responsible for their children. They’re the ones who raised the child and filled them with their beliefs of what’s right and wrong. When a principle calls home about a child misbehaving and the parents do nothing , that just lets the child know that it’s alright for him or her to do it again. The parents will cause the child to form the mindset that he or she can do it again because they know that they won’t get reprimanded for their actions. Even if their child doesn’t get punished at home, that will lead the child to start acting out of control at school. Therefore, parents must take responsibility for their children’s behavior. The child needs to be teached that there will be consequences not only at school but homes as well for any discipline problems to be solved.