Principles and Practices of Management Behaviour

Principles and Practices of Management BehaviourAn autocratic manager applys decisions without the consultation of others workers, rather dower as a dictator type in communicating orders beca utilise they like to be in work of situations.This dash of commission guides to work getting d peerless on time beca physical exercise there argon less(prenominal) people implicate in the decision making turn. The problem with this style is that the staffs be going to ultimately lost motivation to work.Paternalistic is a drawing cardship style which is quite dictatorial, decisions argon taken in the best interests of the workers. This style is kn ingest as consultative counselling.This process spate take a office longer as there are more than voices to be heard. The other side of this style of attention and leadership is that workers may feel that you do not value their opinion or are besides rigid if after exclusively of the feedback is received you go off and make the decision in your own without incorporating of their feedback.Democratic leadership implicates running a business on the basis on the majority of decisions.A democratic manager is willing to share work with the staff by relegate it to get the assembly line done. Staffs love this type of management style in business beca uptake they feel involved and part of the process. In democratic style the job actualizeance is probably to be better than in an autocratic setting. This style has close links with McGregors theory X and Y.All this styles cast advantages and disadvantages such asAutocratic styles advantages supple decision making, effective when employing many low adept workers disadvantages no two- personal manner chatPaternalistic styles advantages more two-way communication so motivating, workers feel their social needs are being met disadvantages slow put down decision making, still quite a dictatorial style.Democratic style advantages useful when complex decisions are required that needs specialist skills disadvantages mistakes or errors can be made if workers are not skilled enough.According to Chemers M.(1997) in his book An integrative theory of leadership, Leadership has been described as a process of social enamor in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a cat valium emerged.Leadership is composing a gathering of people to reach common goals.Leadership is important because help to maximise efficiently an ecesis and also help the organisation to achieve the goals.Leadership characteristics areProactive vs. reactive (a leader is always thinking leash steps ahead). fictile/Adaptable (a beneficial leader will line up to new surrounding and situations, doing his/her best to adjust).A good communicatorRespectful (treating others with respect will ultimately earn respect).Quiet confidenceEnthusiastic (when a leader is motivated and excited about the cause people will be more inclined to follow). broad-minded (a leader work to consider all options when making decisions).Resourceful (a leader essential to create access to randomness).Rewarding (an exceptional leader will recognize the efforts of others and rein great power those actions).Well educated (knowledge is power).Open to modify (a leader will take into account all points of view and will be willing to limiting a policy, program, cultural tradition).Interested in feedback (view feedback as a gift to improve)Evaluative (evaluation of events and programs is essential for n organisations to improve or progress).A strong teamTheory X and Y was write by Douglas McGregorsTheory X leaders believe thatPeople should be controlled and directed and punished, if necessary, to put them in a real effort at workthe workers want to avoid responsibility and has little ambition just about of the workers dislike workTheory Y leaders believe thatworking is as natural as play or rest for the average workersworkers seek responsibilitymost of emplo yees have creativity and visual sense which may be helpful for organisations to achieve their goalsThe Hertzberg hygiene factors are supervision, company policy, alliance with supervisor, relationship with peers, and relationship with subordinates, in the flesh(predicate) life working conditions, status, and security.Evaluate communication processes in selected businessesCommunication is the activity of transfer information through the ex budge of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behaviour.Communication is transmitting of information from one person to another. The importance of effective communication is immense in the world of business and in personal life. The communication process begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. The perfect guide toward achieving effective communication is the process of communication nigh of us spend about 75 per cent of our hours awake communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and ideas to other s people.Verbal communication refers to the use of sounds and language to relay a message. Effective verbal communication is dependent on number of factors and cannot be fully isolated from other important interpersonal skills such as non-verbal communication, listening skills and clarification.Non-verbal communication includes seventh cranial nerve expression, eye contact, expression of voice, body posture and motions, positioning within classifys. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep.Porters division of non-verbal communicationPhysical (this is the personal type of communication) aesthetical (this is the type of communication that takes place through creative expressions)Signs (this is the mechanical type of communication)Symbolic (type of communication that makes use of religious, status)Static features of non-verbal communicationDistanceOrientation (side to side, face to face)Posture (standing, seating, legs crossed)Physical contact (touching , holding and shiver hands)Dynamic features of non-verbal communicationFacial expressions (smile, raised eyebrow)Gestures (hand movement)Looking (eye contact)Communication styles rational, emotive and intuitiveRational communication focuses on objective information data, encourages listening carefully to the ideas and focuses on facts and information, this communication is less comfortable with tactile sensation discussions, in this types of communication prefers to take turns when talking, and there is less variation in tone or gestures. emotional communication focuses on feelings and tends to be more people oriented and passionate, wide variation in tone and gesture, this type of communication can be interrupt while others are speaking, the same there are feelings in voice and regardless of volume, the decisions are announced in terms of how they will affect people. a priori communication is focuses on knowing that comes from experience, decisions are announced without justifica tion, increased experience can lead to more rapid decision making.Communication styles change, depending on the situation and our goals and each of the communication style is used at some point in our lives.We can define top-down communication such as a method of issuing commands or orders within a business using a hierarchical building.top-down communication affords a companys managerial construction to control the information and protect that each employment direct has necessary information to get done the toils. The disadvantage of this communication is the risk of orders getting lost in translation this can cause trouble in a companys project development.We can define furnish up communication such as trebuie sa caut informatieFormal communication is used in professional setting, in this types of communication slang is not use, pronounce of words is correctly.In informal communication we can use slang, can be used short version of words, this type of communication is used wi th friends and family.Analyse organisational burnish and change in selected businessesOrganisational acculturation mains the personality of the organisation, the way the things are done .Organisational culture refers to the fundamental values, beliefs and codes of form that make a business. Culture according to Schein is A pattern of shared basic assumptions that a group learns as it solves problems.Culture organisation have an important role, the organisation that have strong cultures are surefooted of increasing revenue, profitability and shareholder value. The same organisation with strong culture finds it easy to change and adapt to market demands.Organisational culture is a focus on culture and process with specific encouragement of quislingism between leaders and members. It is a focus on the human and social side of the origination.Culture has three levelsThe artefacts (behaviour of group members)Espoused values (how deal with issues and problems)Basic underlying assumpt ionsTypes of organisational culture are power culture, role culture, task culture and person culture.Power culture depends on central force and a beam of influence from the central figure throughout the organisation, small entrepreneurial organisations.Role culture bureaucracy and works by logic and rationality, role is more important than individual, position is the main source of power. exemple tb sa cautTask culture job and project oriented organisation personalized culture, the individual is in the central focus, when a group of people decide that it is in their own interests to band together.For organisations that manage change effectively, change itself becomes the driving force that leads to future success and growth (Hamlin, Keep and Mullins and Christy,2011). kind is an inevitable and constant feature, an organisation can perform effectively only through interactions with the broader external environmental of which it is part.Factors that influence change in culture are suc h asEconomic conditionsGovernment interventionsPolitical interestsDevelopment in technologyGlobalisationformer(a) forces of change could beDemand for high quality goodsCustomer serviceWorkforce changing spiritThe main pressure of change is from external forces. Planned change represents an international attempt to improve of the organisation.The objectives of change areImproving the ability of the organisationModifying the behavioural patterns of members of the organisationsa mai caut informative sau sa ma uit la handoutsOrganisational structure is a framework of order and command through which the activities of the organisation can be planned, directed and controlled. The structure defines tasks and responsibilities. bodily structure is important to any kind of organisation.The objectives of structure are the economic and efficient effect, monitoring the activities, flexibility in order to respond to future demands.There are three types of organisational structureTall hierarchic al( large organisation tend to have this type of structure, a tall structure have many different levels of employees all reporting at the top to team leaders and then up to operational management, also have a wide chain of command with narrow set of control.Disadvantage of this type of organisational structure can often lead to slower communication channels and decision-making.Flat hierarchical (is an organisational structure that has fewer layers of management and wider spans of control, this types of structure of organisation gives workers more responsibility for decision-making, and the also we have more motivated workforce. Advantage of this structure is that the business to change rapidly to respond to the market.)Matrix (is the combination of the flat structure with tall structure for the business in order to meet its goals. Matrix structure often is used for specific project). salmagundi management is the set of tools, skills and the processes for managing the people leading to achieve the goals of organisation.LO2 Be able to review own potential difference as a prospective manager2.1 Assess own management skills performanceFor managers to be effective, they must have good management skills. The management skills will ensure that he/she can effectively direct, guide, and delegate.The management skills pyramidLevel 1-this level is basic management skills and includes planning, organizing, directing and controlling.Level 2-build on training and couching, motivational, and employee thing skills.Level 3-are more complex, developing management career and provides opportunities to advance.Most important management skills are fox management skills (ability to plan, organize, budget and manage the resources)Time management skills (control of most valuable resource, delegate tasks in stripped-down time, creating schedules for day/week/month, allocating time according to the task at hand)Conflict management skills (skills to resolve the issue, negotiating and mediating)Self-management skills (ability to make decisions as needed, goals setting, prioritize, self-evaluation, self-motivation, positive attitude)Team management skills (delegate to your team, motivate your team, develop your team, communicate with team)Stress management skills (monitoring performance and behaviour, incorporating effective time management to prevent stress, motivation)People management skills (listening, be motivating and inspiring, handle passage of arms situations, ask questions that are insightful)Office management skills (storage data, monitor and evaluate the work process, accounting and marketing, budget development)Change management skills (talking to people, being real, be passionate, monitoring progress, critical thinking)The guide line for an effective CV isPersonal details name, address, telephone number, email address, date of birth, nationalityPersonal statement, a two-three sentence overview with exceptional qualities and future plans list skills and abilitiesWork experience with reverse chronological order(date, organisation name, responsibilities, achievements)Education with reverse chronological order( date, institution, achievements)Hobbies and interests