The Exploitative Nature of Beauty Pageants Essay

The Exploitative Nature of Beauty Pageants - Essay exemplarThe author researched the subject and acquired statistics demonstrating the malevolent influence of cup of tea pageants on young vulnerable girls as rise up as mature women. He was also able to locate and speak with a number of former beauty queens who were quite frank in giving the details of how their lives had been affected by their involvement in the beauty pageants. The authors friends were somewhat skeptical about his choice of topic beca engage they are tout ensemble models. Moreover, all the information he got about what life really is like for a beauty queen convinced him that the benefits of the title beauty queen are far outweighed by the drawbacks caused by it. The tecs aim was to inform the audience, which consisted of young women and men in their twenties and thirties about the umteen emerging beauty queen competitions in the area and convince them that these pageants were destructive and would ruin the self-esteem of any(prenominal) woman or girl that agreed to participate in them. The author had done a exercise set of research and documented his discussions with former beauty queens who gave him permission to use their stories. The author was able to use such information in his barbarism with astounding success. He also mentioned the dates on which he had conducted the interviews so as to demonstrate how recent the issue is. Usually, the researcher is quite nervous before delivering a speech. However, this prison term he was pleasantly surprised to find that he was excited and could not wait to deliver his speech particularly when the author saw the gathering audience. Corporate workers and a large group of models sat at the front while the youth occupied large spaces in the back. The researchers model friends and he had sat up arguing about the reasons why beauty contents are destructive, and he was placid charged for that experience. The author launched into his speech wit h gusto, though he tried to avoid speaking too unshakable in order to cover all the points in his speech. The author asked a few models he recognized in the audience about what they did o a daily basis to maintain their low weight. This sparked immediate discussions among the audience members with some shouting answers and others murmuring about anorexia. From the stance adopted by nearly all the members of the audience, the author could tell that his subject was very interesting.

Dirct and eMarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dirct and eMarketing - Essay ExampleThis connection between erect levels of customer supporter and good levels of customer satisfaction and retention underpins the common association of customer service with keeping, rather than winning, customers. Customer service therefore plays a pivotal role in relationship marketing. Getting this role right, and to a trite of expertise that is superior to that of competitors and sustainable in the longer term, requires an in-depth understanding of the nature and nuance of customer service. conditioned customers means closing the loop between the mess grows sent to them and the messages they send back.Developments in IT have led to synergistic communication tools much(prenominal) as the expeditious phones being used to complement less interactive mechanisms such as mail or media advertisements. Growing use of carefully targeted direct mail has characterized this as the age of addressability. Mobile commerce refers to transactions using a w ireless device and data connection that matter in the transfer of value in exchange for information, services, or goods. Mobile commerce, facilitated generally by mobile phones, includes services such as banking, payment, and ticketing (Mobile commerce, 2005).Some organisations view m-Commerce as merely another e-Commerce remove, those organisations that exploit the m-Commerce channel properly by developing alternative and complementary propositions will be more successful in m-Commerce (E-Commerce, 2001). For suppliers, building longer-term customer relationships with the help of m-commerce means maintaining a dynamic knowledge of customers requirements, preferences and expectations. While corner workshop managers may be able to retain customer likes and dislikes in their heads, larger organizations need customer relationship management systems which manage data throughout the customer life-cycle, from initial contact, through information exchange and sales, to legal transfer a nd post-sales service. Elsewhere in Asia, subscribers to Hong Kong mobile service Sunday can receive offers from shops as they pass them in the mall(May, 2001). This interaction is as important with the mobile as with any other communication medium, and source its development and operations with minimal provision for information transfer - hence repeating the mistakes often make in the early days of the call centre. As surveys continue to show, advertising products and services with the help of m-commerce is relatively easy more difficult, but absolutely crucial, is to gather vital customer information, obtain customer feedback, habituate existing knowledge about the customer and exploit the interactive nature to add value though product configuration (Evans, OMalley, 2004).For instance, a European-based mobile operator recently had some tickets for a pop plan for sale. Having identified a target audience, specials offers were sent to mobile customers by SMS allowing them to buy tickets at a discounted rate. within an hour, all the tickets had been sold for approximately $100 each, customer details had been captured, and most customers had given permission for just follow up offers (E-commerce, 2001).It is apparent that some industries are being restructured as organizations redefine themselves to take utility of IT-enabled marketing, or are replaced by newcomers which operate

Xipe Totec Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Xipe Totec - search Paper ExampleThe Aztecs conducted ceremonious events to celebrate their life. For instance, they would conduct or play a series of sneer confrontations between groups of young adults. One group wore skins made from war captives and sat on mats. Xipe Totec was present in the ceremony dressed in the skin. The opposing side approached the relaxed and seated group, and provoked them in a mock war with their taunting. They would retaliate and chase their opponents. A person who was would succeed to catch his opponent could confine him to discard and awarded a gift of hanging over personal ownership. In regards to Xipe engagement in cults, it has been theorized that the origin of Xipe associate to a cult believed to be responsible for mankind liberation. This illustrates that the skin and the flesh of humanity is what is keeping the sense captive thus making Xipe Totec a god of hostage or bondage. Not only did Xipe Totec figure in sacred rituals, but alike the A ztecs had a conviction that he was the deity that sent affectionateness and skin problems to the earth. The emergence of these convictions or believes have been traced to distinct renditions of Xipe Totec often shown with bursting or blistering eye. This is symbolic to the Aztecs in that it shows one of the motivators for sacrifices in the Aztec culture. Therefore, the Aztecs believed that in order to achieve enlightenment and inversion, it was significant to conduct sacrifice. Xipe Totec also had a great influence to the craft industry in that Xipe was linked with obsidian artisan. The ceremony would be followed by a visit to peoples houses where they would ask for alms in exchange for blessing Xipe Totec. Xipe Totec tells us some(prenominal) about the culture of the Aztec people. It reveals that the Aztecs were primarily an agricultural culture that relied on farming for their livelihood. In addition, it is easy to lay down that these people were dedicated to their religion in the sense that through the picture of Xipe Totec, there is evidence of human sacrifice that was prevalence in their ceremonies to the gods. The dress was also a significant part of the Aztec faith and insouciant life style. The Aztec people had an advanced civilization for their government participation, religious faith, and family life they lived a productive and

America's Post-Civil War Growing Pains Research Paper - 2

Americas Post-Civil War Growing Pains - Research Paper spokespersonirm understanding of the ways in which reconstruction affected the United States much necessarily break drink into highly specialized examinations of key groups and individual changes as any broad judgments make the risk of glossing each(prenominal) over the ways in which minor details worked together to create study differentials. As a escape of this, this brief analysis will seek to answer the following 5 key questions with relation to reconstruction identification and discussion of 2 major historical turning points during the Reconstruction period, the impact of these two major historical turning points on society, economy, culture, and politics, discussion of two ways the Reconstruction period may feel been different had Lincoln lived, discussion of how industrialization and urbanization affected the life of the average working American, and two examples of how the federal and/or state courts and legislat ures handed down decisions or passed laws during the period that served to discriminate against non-white citizens and immigrants (Nilsson 2012).With reference to the rootage question, the two major historical turning points during the period under the Reconstruction can definitively be those of the cessation of the Transcontinental Railroad and the cut through of the industrial period ushered in by the Gilded Age (Bentrix 2007). two of these factors helped to represent newfound opportunities for a host of disenfranchised and downtrodden individuals who had seen the hope of a better life all but implode as a result of the Civil War. With respect to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, this enabled poorer families from hazard East to risk it all and move West in hopes of building a better life. In this way, the availability of the frontier was again able to absorb much of the historical difficulties that the American people had experienced. Secondly, the dawn of the industrial age helped to give a host of out of work farmers and others individuals well paying jobs

How to do a qualitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to do a qualitative research - Essay ExampleThis method is also known as ethnomethodology or ground research. It creates data concerning people within social surroundings (Mason, 2002). soft methods aim at getting a better perception through firsthand involvement, accurate recording, and citations of authorized discussions (Mason, 2002). The method aims at understanding how the responders develop implication from their environs, and how their implication influences their conduct (Mason, 2002). According to Denzin and Lincoln (2005), in-depth interviews be important qualitative research data collection procedure normally used for various purposes, which involve conducting a necessitate evaluation, program improvement, identification of issue, and premeditated preparation. This method of obtaining data is appropriate in situations equivalent when the investigator wants to use open-ended items that provoke depth of facts from the selected respondents. These in depth, interv iews had the following important characteristics as express by other researchers. Using of open-ended questions, the respondents are in a position to give more(prenominal) details about the question asked and not just present a yes no question (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). ... This puke be achieved through active listening at what the respondents say and seek clarity where needed. The researcher needs to be recording responses either by the use of audiovisual material or audio tapes. These records should be completed with recorded notes to support the records. These notes include observation of nonverbal movement made by the respondent (Mason, 2002). The interview participants were also selected using random sampling so as to involve many and different participants. This in depth interview follows the following major procedure. The interview question aimed at identifying the characteristics of events situations and circumstance. in this stage-thematizing the initial stage of tran scription- the researcher clarifies the purpose on the interview to the study participants. The second stage is designing where the researcher comes up with the manner in which he or she is going to elicit responses from the selected respondents. The guide should be designed to make the respondents focus on the topic of investigation. The next stage is interviewing, where the actual interview takes place by first obtaining permission from the authorities, informing the respondents the purpose of conducting the interview, then engaging the respondent in conversation until the need response is obtained (Marschan,-Piekarit and Welch, 2005). The next stage is transcription, where the creation of a verbatim transcript of each discussion is make by transcribing out each item and answer using the audio tape. The next stage involves analyzing where the records are read to identify themes that come out of the responses provided. Then verification of what is recoded and lastly a report is p rovided to the innate and external stakeholders

American Art and Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ameri endure Art and Architecture - Essay ExamplePop Art can be defined as an guile private road that appears in the mid of 1950s in Britain and late 1950s in the U.S. The movement was authoritatively inaugurated by Lawrence Alloway in his subterfugeicle. Pop art resulted to a challenge to the custom of fine art by the inclusion of imagery from the common culture which includes news, advertising among others. In obliterate art, material can be visually eliminated from its setting, isolated or it can be mixed with unrelated material. The pop art concept denotes not as abundant to the skill itself as to the height that resulted to it. Pop art engages the great deal culture aspects which includes comic books, advertising and ordinary cultural objects. It is majorly interpreted as a response to the hence leading concepts of abstract expressionism, including development upon them. Due to the use of found objects and photos it is the same as Dada. The objective of pop art is to empl oy general images as opposed to exclusive culture in art, highlighting the kitschy or banal basics of any assumed culture, most frequently by the use of satire. It can to a fault be associated with the utilization of mechanical ways of rendering or reproduction techniques by the artist. Pop art is taken to be an art of drive that head postmodern art or some of the examples tending(p) earlier of the postmodern art. Pop art frequently takes as its images which are currently used as advertising.

ESOL and Training for Security Industry Authority Licence Essay

ESOL and Training for Security Industry Authority Licence - Essay ExampleThis show explores the topic of teaching and information that becomes more(prenominal) and more challenging for the educators or trainers of many migrants. The research worker analyzes the effects of the diversity among the community, that strengthences its economic and social status. On the other hand, it entails social responsibilities that involve the need to educate then effectively especially its immigrants. Continuous expansion of the European Union has brought about the increase in migrant workers struggling to fit into the new community that demands the need to learn the English language to meet the inescapably and the demands of the society. In addition, the researcher mentiones that learning the English language moreover helps migrants understand more the ideas that they need to write out in accordance to the societys requirement as member of the new group of civilization. Their expressage Engl ish proficiency therefore implies a need for further development or innovations of the teaching and training strategies. Their difficulty in the English language limits their capability in understanding the ideas and ideals that the community would want to emphasize. The researcher then states that the increasing number of English as Second Other Language learners choosing the Security take aim 2 training in the Security Industry Authority that involves Licensing affects the teaching modes such that a more interactive and transactional oral communication should be developed in order to meet the needs of the learners.

GROUP DEVELOPMENT AND THE GROUP STRUCTURE Essay

GROUP DEVELOPMENT AND THE GROUP STRUCTURE - Essay ExampleThe occasion of attractorship is highly considerable in resolving the conflicts within the assemblages. The organizations culture and organise have a significant role in the conference ontogeny and gathering structure of the company. The sort out structure is derived on the basis of companys policies and procedures that are followed by all the employees of the company. As a new joined member of the conclave throw, I was liable to fully follow the group organize guidelines that are already been designed by the draw and the other members of the group. But initially I was certified with the fact that the group has non started working on the project. When I joined the group the work gets started, and responsibilities and government were divided among all the group members. The prudence of activities and conflicts among the members of the group is the responsibility of a leader. The group leader was an awesome perso nality and he motivated the aggroup in all stages of the project. The only thing that I engraft is needs to be improved to make more effective team structure that is the role of leader of the group. The leader used a centralise approach throughout the project. Every thing was compulsory to affirm the leader at all stages. It is the responsibility to inform the leader at every stage of the work. However, in my opinion leadership could be more effective if it follows the charismatic approach of leadership. Group structure has a considerable impact on the performance of the group members. While working in a centralized structure, I had realized that centralized structure has a significant influence on the performance of our team. decentralize structure could have been a better choice than centralized structure for the group practices, but it was not the perception of other group members. GROUP DEVELOPMENT AND THE GROUP STRUCTURE For understanding the behavior of the teams, it is passing beneficial to analyze the model defined specifically for explaining the steps required for the development of a team. The group development model is the source to identify the behavior of team members at four stages of the development arrange of the group. I have explained the detailed analysis that is what I have experienced while working with a team. GROUP DEVELOPMENT MODEL (Johnson et al., 2002) There are four stages are defined in group development model of Tuckmans in 1965 as defined by Johnson et al., (2002), and on the basis of which I have shared my experience in working with a group. Forming When I had attended the first group meeting, all of the other members of the group were familiar with each other because I had joined the group lately. The group was based on 9 members including leader. In the first meeting, I came to know that the working on the project has not been started so far, and I was surprised with this notification. I got introduced with the team memb ers and met with the team leader as well. The leader played a decisive role as he was encouraging and influencing the team members. But what I felt is coordination among the team members was not satisfactory. Because of this reason the project did not start by the team in time. The proper coordination of team members is one of the basic responsibilities of group leader. For the realization of value of time management for the development of an effective team, I tried to let them understand the value of time in the project. Time management in the project increases the productivity, effectiveness and efficiency of the working procedures of the projects (Driscoll, 2013). Storming After good interaction with all the team members and a group leader, I precede to the next step of in the light of Tuckman

Cultural communication Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Cultural discourse - Coursework ExampleCode of dignity allows self-growth and Joanna accomplished it by breaking her descent with Ted.Q3. Joanna Kramers story is similar to one of the cases in chapter 4 of Speaking Culturally, the cases of M and K. To which one do you return it is most similar? Explain your answer in one paragraph.Joanna Kramers story is similar to Ms case because there are a number of similarities found in twain cases. twain the women are divorced and the divorce is because of their husbands lack of communication. Communication barrier existed between both the married partners of both cases. Both categorize communication as close, supportive and flexible, which is negated by their husbands. According to Joanna Kramer and M, communication is entirely significant for uniqueness and growth of self. Both the women are of the opinion that self-identity is revealed because of personal growth, which is facilitated by communication, which should be close, supportive an d flexible. Each person has a unique position in society and should be allowed to specialise his/her self in order to reveal his/her uniqueness.Q4. What is it about the story of the scholarship boy that resonates in Richard Rodriguezs biography? What are some of the similarities between the life of Richard Hoggart, the scholarship boy, and the life of Richard Rodriguez? How does the fact that Hoggarts report is told in a story form help Richard Rodriguez identify with Hoggarts story? This should be answered in one paragraph.Richard Rodriguez being associated to Spanish culture by birth, has to make his position in his class after coming to a naked culture. He finds similarities in himself and Richard Hoggarts the scholarship boy because they have to go through the same set of circumstances in order to attain the values of the other culture. According to Hoggart, the scholarship

How will I utilize these funds to change my community for the better Scholarship Essay

How pull up stakes I utilize these amusementds to change my community for the soften - Scholarship Essay ExampleThe out-of-school black youths have become a problem in our community. Aside from being a wasted potential labor force, they have become concerns of the government.With the funds that I will be receiving, I plan to gather them in a meeting and a fun time, where I would be able to relay to them the things I have learned from school therefore they chiffonier get updated with the new knowledge taught at the university. It end be two-sessions per month during my free days, and it will incorporate of both a serious study and sharing of knowledge, and a fun-filled play and snack time. I will specifically use the funds for the buying of teaching materials and food.In line with this, I will to a fault share with them some ways to earn extra income such as possible part-time jobs that they can involve in so as to save money for their schooling. These can be in the random vari able of small enterprise or cooperative that will help these young blacks earn a living. To march on our budget and power, I will coordinate with our city-government for further financial and manpower support. In this way, we can chip in hope to the out-of-school black youths.

Evaluate the arguments offered by Neil Postman in Technopoly on the Essay

Evaluate the arguments offered by Neil Postman in Technopoly on the basis of the history of America (1865 to the present) and in - Essay ExampleIn short inn is moving towards age of digital fashion that is more developed with the thoughts to provide maximum benefits to human beings. In early ages of 18th century this development was much limited with construction and better reconstruction works. provided with the passage of time it became more of an electronic era rather then human society, this approach gave a boost to highly develop technology and use it for ease of humans. Except of lot of positive reviews and lovers of electronic era this truth mint not be neglected that it made humans rusty with the same ratio And to enlighten this aspect of modern life Neil Postman contributed with a lot of efforts and different approach. In an interview he mentioned his views about the new technology when he was asked about the positive and beneficial do on society especially of the Inter net and Email. Its true that technology has been advancing nowadays, too fast, w accordingly we are at an era of speed, where computers as well as everything that has to do with growing technology rules our life, in the frame of Technopoly, having a relative impact on all fields of today life, mainly in USA, but no one is basically responsible for this, and all we have to do is follow proceeds of Technology, as Technopoly contributes to financial growth and we just have to follow the stream. Technopoly is a reality and we have to direct it and adjust to this reality. Technopoly is a need nowadays. But we should not compromise our moral values, nor can technopoly replace them, or substitute them. Our culture has changed, and we cannot do something else for it, just follow the stream. But this may not mean that we favour Technopolis or culture found on Technopolis, and destruction of our old culture with tidingss and manual work. Technology shouldt becomes a way of life as it is nowadays, but just a helping tool, tool of adaption and not adoption. Most of our daily news is inert, consisting of information that gives us something to talk about but cannot lead to whatever meaningful action. (68).1 Neil Postman In our digital era, all fields such as knowledge and precept are ruled by technology. Postman claims that our today culture satisfies its needs from technology, also taking its orders from it. We can claim raise by analyzing this argument that technology functions in a way of pyramid whereas On the base is culture, on the center is technology and on the top is multicultural and globalization, being as superstructure, identify with globalization and digital era with all consequences in the moral and social field of technopolis, which rules our life. Thus pedagogics is by ruled by technology, a new culture is formed throughout technopolis, and work is based on it. Technology may mean the end of education, as instead of reading a book of literature we prefer surfing on the Internet. USA in the past two centuries, thus from 1865 and hence up to the two last decades of 20th century and even more, had been a country with a adult population and too many immigrants. These people used to go there to work, in the dawn of industrial revolution, and when still USA was a state the development of which was based on agriculture initially. Then multicultural society was not only enhanced by technology, but it created itself the conditions for technology development and a further relative developed culture, that today rules technopolis and it

Tata Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tata Motors - Essay ExampleTata Motors had conducted a series of acquisitions. In the course 2004, it had taken over Daewoo Commercial Vehicles which is one of the leading truck companies of South Korea. In 2005, it purchased 21% share of Hispano Carrocera, a mass maker corporation of Spain. In the year 2006, Tata Motors was involved in a joint business confederacy with Marcopolo, a proboscis making comp all of buses and coaches of Brazil. In the same year, Tata Motors had made mutual venture with a Thailand manufacturing company to produce and enter the market of pickup cars. In the year 2008, Tata Motors had purchased two British cable car brands namely Jaguar and Land Rover. Since 1961, Tata Motors has been increasing its international presence. Tatas cars are exported in many countries of Asia Pacific, spunk East, South America, South East Asia and Europe. In previous 50 years since its inception, Tata Motors has shown tremendous growth. It has more than 4500 scientists an d engineers, 25000 employees and in the year 20092010 its calculated earnings was approximately 20 billion USD (TATA Motors, 2011). About Tata NanoIn the year 2008, Tata Motors had bring out the cheapest car of India, Tata Nano. Tata Nano has become the yardstick among all the smaller vehicles. It has been made with proper regulatory safety necessities of Indian market. It is also an environment friendly vehicle which produces less CO2 emission than two wheelers vehicles of India. The bend body design and less weight has made Tata Nano a fuel efficient vehicle which provides dual avail of reasonable transportation solution and low environmental pollution (TATA Motors, 2011). Marketing Context Before introducing any harvest-home in the market there is a need to conduct marketing look for plan. The 4Ps of marketing is a useful tool to develop clear idea about success of any product in the market. It helps to define the target market i.e. the segment for which the product provide be produced. The proper set of the product to meet the needs of target market must be performed. Subsequently, the place where the product will be available must be decided and finally the product must be announce with proper promotion to develop brand awareness among target audience. Marketing Issue to be Investigated This research will investigate the marketing strategy of Tata Nano and its success in the automobile market. Tata Nano was introduced publicly in the year 2008. Initially, it was produced in two versions which are deluxe and standard. The vehicle has

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

cognitive Behavioural Therapy - examine ExampleOne of the solutions that have been applied to facilitate the provision of solutions to the identified mental challenges is cognitive behavioural Therapy. This is psychotherapy approach that focuses on solving dysfunctional mental, emotional, maladaptive characters as well as remote mental challenges through movees that entail. The examination between these cognitive facets based on goals. The essence of systematic round off of the relationship between mental processes is disposed(p) for providing effective solutions for identified mental challenges.The process of developing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was achieved through a process that involved behavioral integration. Behavioral Integration was a process that focused on modification of individuals cognitive behavior, however due to its inefficiency, this method was subsequent integrated with techniques that facilitated review the relationship between cognitive behaviors, thus th e development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. there are various benefits that students aspiring to focus on solving mental challenges can access by applying Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as one of the methods. To begin with, research has shown that the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is pertinent for provision of mental health treatment owing to the concomitant that it has been proved to be efficient in solving a series of different mental health challenges through application of certain procedures and processes. In addition, this technique is important to students, with an interest to solve cognitive and emotional challenges facing the society owing to the fact that it creates a platform for students to interact with their patients, thus increasing their understanding of various issues ascribed to cognitive challenges. The interaction is commonly facilitated by certain experiments that the students may engage in as they undertake their psychotherapy activities.One of the Cognitive Behavioral Strategies that my

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Business Ethics - Essay ExampleHe further argues that those stakeholders that have greater power, indispensability and authenticity may impact business performance. For instance, PricewaterhouseCooper Company engages in policy qualification process in the company. Therefore, in example they apply greater power and other salience determines, they may end up creating a substantiation to legal organizational performance. However, there are both benefits and limitations of employing salience model in this naming activity. The benefits let in significant contribution to the thought leadership and developing effective solutions to global challenges. However, the problems may include posing challenges and create threats to global issues. What is a possible future employer of me actually doing in terms of stakeholder amour activities? What do I think of their activities? Can I see any linkup with Power, Legitimacy and Urgency, and why they chose this stakeholder engagement activity? The possible future employee in terms of engagement activities will participate in effective decision- make process, informing talent strategy, advisory panel, engaging in corporate responsibility reporting and participating in other significant corporate roles. Their activities enhance quality services in business activities hence, it is vital to moderate business in accordance to the organization requirements and guidelines. Engaging stakeholders in business activities is vital but it is recommendable to break up them according to their work performance. This is because stakeholders differ and some have varied interests in business activities. For instance, the salience model is widely employed by many stakeholders in business activities across the globe thus, employing an effective stakeholder oversight strategy can enable one to meet their need and expectations successfully. Therefore, there is a significant link among power, legitimacy and urgency because this stakeholder e ngagement will lead to better management and influencing other towards achieving organization goals efficiently. What could/should, if I had the choice and decision-making power in my future employers company, the company be doing, which it currently isnt, in terms of stakeholder engagement activities? How, using Mitchells et als. (1997) salience (importance) attributes (Power, Legitimacy and Urgency) can I rationalize that as a good activity for them to be doing? In case I had a choice and decision making power in my future employers company, the stakeholders in the company would not participate in some responsibilities much(prenominal) as accounting management roles, recruiting employees and other minor company activities. This is because some stakeholders may apply their power, legitimacy and urgency in a manner that may pose challenges to effective performance thus making employees to become unproductive. Stakeholders can affect the business outcome positively or negatively (C rane and Matten, 2004). For instance, some stakeholders may use power to take control of investors in case the company is privately held rather than in public traded. By using Mitchells salience model attributes, I can rationalize good activities for stakeholders such as planning, decision-making process, direct management and project coordination process. Seminar Four Ethical Leadership Debate Guiding ruminative Question Student Reflection What was the definition of

Forecasting and business analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forecasting and business analysis - Assignment ExampleThe feasibility ingest concludes that Tribeco would benefit by expanding to Adelaide commercialize.Expansion of business activities to other(a) market area is a challenge that require proper assessment and prediction. Tribeco needs to get feasibility study of Adelaide market to assure them of profitability if they invest. As the name suggests, a feasibility study is an investigation of the practicality of an initiative. The feasibility study concentrates on assisting answer the demand query of whether a corporation should proceed with the planned acoustic projection idea. All practices of the research are directed toward assisting answer this question. Feasibility analysis can be utilised in many approaches but primarily concentrate on proposed business project. For this study, RGRT, AWE and UR are essential for this study since they provide the summation needed to make a conclusion concerning the expansion idea. This pap er illustrates methods of forecasting study applying regression of a given dataset. The method of forecasting employed is checked for the statistical logical implication of the regression model. It is important that the model must be significant in order to create a relevant and effective analysis (Shim and Siegel, 2007).Recreational Good Retail Turnover (RGRT) concerns the sale of products that are not essential for life. Recreational goods are not usually fundamental to life, and could be offered as Christmas or other holidays presents. When a region has a high RGRT rate it indicates other essential needs are equally well taken care of. Average weekly earnings (AWE) are indicators of short-run earnings expansion giving monthly estimates of the stage of average weekly earnings per individuals. AWE substituted AEI (Average dinero Index) in 2010. AWE measure was recognized as a National Statistic in 2010 and, as a result, it replaced the NAE (National Average Earnings)Index as the heading

Notion Of Houses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Notion Of Houses - Essay ExampleAs an initial matter, the concept upon which I view the greatest harbor is genteelness. Without an direction, without knowledge and experience, I am what my father refers to as an empty house. Education, as my personalized value, is not intended to be defined too narrowly quite the contrary, I envision education as encompassing facts and experiences. It is accomplishment how to socialize with different kinds of people as sound as learning about facts. It is as much about learning about my limitations, whether physical or emotional, as well as learning about philosophies and the hard sciences. Curiosity is one of my motivations and a desire to live my breeding purposefully is another. We learn every day if we are aware of the opportunities, and in this way, education is something which permeates our lives. I cant remember of a greater value to be passionate about.Related to my choice of education as my greatest value is my continuing passion to learn in different settings. To be sure, most people associate education with formal educational settings. They think of desks, and classrooms, and exams. This is certainly one type of learning setting but is but the only set of which I am passionate about. My passion is to visit lakes and ponds, to examine artifacts and relics in museums, and to visualize people both young and old. Each experience furnishes the house to which my father alluded, making it more delightful and complete, and I view broad experiences as a passion to be pursued and indulged in with passion.

A letter from an exchange student in Australia Essay Example for Free

A letter from an exchange assimilator in Australia moveIve been in Australia for close to 2 months now and Im salve speechless. Its such a beautiful country The land, the people, the climate, anything is amazing Ive gotten to fancy the most remarkable/wonderful things, things I never could moderate imagined. As you hump I went here as an exchange student and Im living with a wonderful host family in Brisbane. They develop been very welcoming and loving, the student exchange agency made such a good match. Brisbane is located in the east of Australia, in the state called Queensland. Im functioning the Brisbane State High School where Im victorious all the mandatory screenes alike English, maths, science, social studies, art, health and physical education and so on.Ive gotten to continue my French education as well, and everyone in that class is way better than me fortunately they argon all so subtile and very patient with me, and that goes for all the classes I h ad a large(p) measure ben releasehstanding the Australian accent at first, but it gets easier and easier every solar day. My host family taught me some Aussie- jargoon to armed service me out a bit, like hoo roo which heart and soul goodbye, ripper means something like fantastic or great, sheila is a miss and dunny is a toilet.A word thats very confusing is thongs. It does non mean what you think it means Its an otherwise word for flip-flops, which crowd out create quite an awkward situation. Fortunately I managed not to humiliate myself Anyway, like I said argon in that respect mandatory classes just like there is in Sweden. Australia has a national curriculum to start sure that they have the same educational standards in schools all over the country, which resembles our Skolverket. You asked a lot close to the schools over here in your last letter, so Ive asked my new friends in my classes and found out some basic info. Like, something thats similar to Swedish schools is that youre in kindergarten or pre-school when youre 3-5 grades old.In Australia you go to Primary School surrounded by the ages 6 to 11, unlike Sweden where we go to Lgstadiet and Mellanstadiet when were 6 to 12. One year doesnt have that big of a difference, but Secondary School (High School) resembles both Hgstadiet and Gymnasiet together. So from what I understand, you empennaget withdraw a specific program like in Sweden, but you can choose some classes you want to puddle (other than the mandatory ones) in High School. When you graduate from Secondary School you can apply for a University, just like in Sweden. As you can tell there are a lot of similarities toAustralian and Swedish schools, but I found out that there are many differences as well.School uniforms for example, we put one overt have any rules about dress cipher in Sweden, but over here its a part of life, at least for the students who attend High School. Almost every school has a special uniform that ever y student has to wear, heretofore I have to wear one when I go to school. Even in gym class we wear matching shorts and shirts. I think those outfits are better because theyre unisex, and the succour of the day the girls wear skirts while the boys wear pants. Im not very comfortable in skirts and dresses so I think that if you want to wear pants you should be able to Its kind of nice not having to choose an outfit every morning, you only have one thing to wear and everybody else wears it too. in that respects not any pressure about having the latest fashion or not changing it up every day.The only thing you have to worry about is bad hair-days I have to admit that I wish we had to wear these in Sweden as well Not only are they a gift from heaven for the morning-tired person, they make you feel a bit more fancy and noble too. Dont get me wrong, its not that comfortable being formal all the time and Id probably get sick of wearing it every day, but I like the idea a lot at the mo ment. I never think it would work, introducing this to Sweden though. Everyone would lose their right to submit themselves through their clothes. If we would have to wear school uniforms, I strongly vote for pants for the girls Most students bet their own lunch to school. There is a cafeteria, but you have to pay for everything there. That is something I miss about Sweden, change surface though its not great food all of the time its still genuinely convenient.Im having a hard time remembering to bring my lunch every day That makes me really angry with myself because both of my host parents make really good food, especially sandwiches. I promise you, theyre amazing Public schools here are free and run by the disposal of state or territory theyre in, just like in Sweden. Parents are asked pay a voluntary contribution fee and they can also contribute to camping trips and extracurricular activities, but its all voluntary. Something that also differs from Sweden is the fact that the y have 4 semesters. The school year starts in early February and ends in December.They have short holidays between every semester and their summer holiday is in December and January, during Christmas I know its really strange, but thats when the Australian summer is I had no idea that the seasons were sooff over here, but I think its really amazing how the world works. watchmingly all countries south of the equator have their summer during our winter, and their winter during our summer A few weeks ago I got to be a part of the Australians celebration of ANZAC Day. ANZAC stands for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.This day is special to Australians because of what happened on this date 1915. The First World War had just started and Australia wanted to create a reputation for themselves to the rest of the world, since theyd only been a nation for 13 years. They joined forces with New Zealand and set out to take control over the Dardanelles (a narrow strait in northwestern T urkey) so that their allies could travel through. When ANZAC come on Gallipoli in Turkey they were met by Turkish defending forces. A lot of Australian soldiers alienated their lives and today the Australians take this day to remember not only them and their bravery, but every soldier who has died in any war or military operation Australias been a part of.Each year the remembrance begins with memorial services in big cities all over the country, theyre known as the Dawn Services. Later in the day there are parades where ex-militaries march along. Aussies also maintain this day off from work and school with drinking and games They also have the Australia Day, their National Day. Im not going to be here for that because its feted on January 26th, but I really wish I were They save everything thats good about the country and being Australian, it sounds like a lot of fun My host family tells me that you can see the Australian flag hanging from windows of cars and houses and that th e whole area smells like barbeque.There are usually fireworks and music as well Its more eudaemonia than the ANZAC Day. We move intot have anything like this in Sweden, which I think is a bit sad. What I mean is, we wear upont really have a day where we remember something or celebrate just being Swedish. I feel like we dont have that kind of go to bed for our country that the Australians do. At least I know I dont. I only delight our National Day because I dont have to go to school. I honestly dont even know why we celebrate it, and if I asked my friends Im sure they would give tongue to the same thing. It would be nice to feel that unity and pride that the Australians have.Weve been in wars, Im not sure how many or what kind, but we dont take pride in them. We dont have any war heroes we remember. During World War 1, Sweden was neutral. We didnt officially pick a side we dideverything we could to not get attacked by anyone. We let Germany use our railways to transport iron-st one, which kept us from acquiring involved in the war (even though that made us a part of Germanys success). I think were right not to take any pride in that Something that also would be fun to experience here Down Under is Christmas. Since their summer is during December the climate is at its warmest during Christmas. My friends told me that even though its sunny and warm everyone still decorates with snowmen and Christmas lights Most families have a Christmas tree too. present in Brisbane they apparently have a competition every year for who has the best Christmas lights. I would make out to see all of the extremely decorated houses We should do something like that at home, we should engage more In some ways our counties spend Christmas alike, but some prospects are still very different. In Sweden, we give way presents, eat delicious food and get a visit from Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. In Australia they only make the last preparations on Christmas Eve, because its all about C hristmas Day. Children hope to find presents in stockings or under the tree when they wake up, families go to see their relatives and everyone (most people anyway) spend the evening with their loved ones.Some families eat dinner thats similar to Europes Christmas food, but most Australians barbeque or have a picnic on the beach or in the park. On the beach you can see surfing Santa Clauses too. It sounds really laid back and comfortable, so I would love to be able to experience it (even though its no real Christmas without snow). Its hard to think of Swedish traditions when you dont usually acknowledge them, but most traditions come with the holidays. Almost all of our holidays have phantasmal significance, like Easter and Christmas for example, but these holidays are not really about what they originally mark in history (if youre Christian). Easter is more about dressing up as a becharm and knocking on doors collecting candy, than remembering Jesuss crucifixion. Christmas is all about Donald Duck and curtain raising presents, we dont celebrate Jesus being born.This is the case in Australia too, except for the witches and Donald Duck. In Australia they celebrate Easter by organizing Easter egg hunts (mostly for the purpose of making the children happy), and youve probably heard of the Easter bunny girl? Well, over here theyve exchanged it for an Easter Bibly. A bibly is a small rodent, whos an endangered species and theyre hoping this kind of advertisement is going to help saveit.Besides, rabbits are considered pests in Australia as they destroy crops and other things. As you can tell there are a lot of both similarities and differences between Sweden and Australia, but they are both great counties Unfortunately I only have a month go forth of my studies, but I am thinking about living here for a year or so when I graduate. I have fallen in love with this land Enough about me, how have you been? Is everything as usual back home? Hope to see you soon,Love EmelieSources of informationAussie slanghttp//stricktlydating.hubpages.com/hub/Common-Aussie-Slang-Words 2013-04-14 http//www.koalanet.com.au/australian-slang.html 2013-04-14About schoolhttp//www.workingin-australia.com/education/system/overview.UWr117XIagc 2013-04-14 http//www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/en/Courses/Schools/Australian-School-System/Australian-school-system 2013-04-14 http//www.studiesinaustralia.com/types-of-education/secondary-education 2013-04-16 https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_uniformAustralia 2013-04-16 http//brisbaneshs.eq.edu.au/sites/default/files/bshs/PolicyDocuments/PandC/CanteenMenu.pdf 2013-04-17 http//www.fairhillshs.vic.edu.au/app/webroot/uploaded_files/media/uniform_information_2013.pdf 2013-04-17 http//australianschool1.hubpages.com/hub/Australian-School-Uniform2013-04-16 http//answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090821161522AAUv95m 2013-04-16 http//australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-weather-and-the-seasons2013-04-16 Traditions http//www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac/anzac_tradition.asp 2013-04-21 http//www.realaustraliatravel.com/australian-traditions.html 2013-04-21 http//www.realaustraliatravel.com/Christmas-in-Australia.html 2013-04-21 http//www.realaustraliatravel.com/christmas-lights-brisbane.html 2013-04-22 http//www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/christmas-day 2013-04-22

Tourism Management Essay Example for Free

Tourism Management EssayAn impressiveness- procedure analysis of hotel woof ingredients in the Hong Kong hotel manufacturing a parity of backing and waste travellers Raymond K.S. Chu, Tat Choi*Department of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Peoples Republic of china Received 16 December 1998 accepted 3 February 1999Abstract Using an importancePerformance analytic thinking (IPA), this paper examined trading and leisure travellers perceived importance and performance of half a dozen hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry. The six hotel selection factors identied were divine service Quality, melodic line Facilities, Value, Room and Front Desk, Food and Recreation, and Security. Both business organization and leisure travellers held the like perceptions towards all the six hotel selection factors.The IPA grids illust enumerated that the Value factor fell into the Concentrate Here quadrant Service Quality, Room and Front Desk and Security in the Keep Up the Good Work quadrant and Business Facilities and Food and Recreation in the Low Priority quadrant. Room and Front Desk and Security were found to be the determining factors for business and leisure travellers, respectively, in their hotel choice selection. Implications for Hong Kong hoteliers and researchers were discussed. 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords ImportancePerformance compendium Hotel selection factors Business and leisure travellers1. Introduction 1.1. The Hong Kong hotel and tourism industry Hong Kong has long been Asias most popular tourist destination. The total visitor arrivals for 1996 reached a record of 11.7 million, re defending a remarkable 14.7 per cent growth over 1995, with HK$84.5 meg (US$10.8 billion) owing into the Special Administrative Regions economy in foreign exchange earnings. The 14.7 per cent growth rate in 1996 out-performed the world average of 4.5 per cent, as well as the average growth rates for easterly Asia/Pacic and South Asia, with 7.9 per cent and 4.0 per cent respectively (WTO, 1997). In addition, approximately 8 per cent of Hong Kongs Gross internal Product (GDP) is attributable to tourism (HKTA, 1998). However, since the beginning of 1997, Hong Kongs inbound tourism industry has experiencedan unprecedented decline. As illustrated in carry over 1, the Hong Kong Tourist Association (HKTA) revealed that the numbers of visitors declined from 11.7 million in 1996 to 10.4 million in 1997, representing a 12 per cent fall (HKTA, 1998). The fall in visitor arrivals has been aggravated by the regional cash turmoil, which has made Hong Kong an expensive destination to travel in comparison with different Southeast Asian regions (Poole, 1997).The derogation of the Thai baht, the Indonesian rupiah, the Malaysian ringgit, and the Philippine peso has inevitably attracted international travellers who pre fer to seek pledge visits to these cheaper destinations. Hong Kong is now considered less vacation-friendly than previously as gamey ination has driven up prices. In 1989, 60 per cent of travellers rated shopping in Hong Kong as above average in value for money, but in 1993 the number fell be subaltern 45 per cent (HKTA, 1998). In the early 1990s, Hong Kong suered from a sexual relationly high ination rate of about 10 per cent per annum as a result of an increase in labour and land termss.This paper attempts to identify both the importance and performance of hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry using the ImportancePerformance Analysis (IPA) model. More specically, the paper intends to compargon perceptions of business and leisure travellers, in terms of importance and performance of hotel selection factors. By identifying the needs, desires and expectations of dierent segments, hoteliers will be in a discontinue position to develop tailor-made marketing strate gies to cater for their target nodes and to achieve emulous advantages.Source suitable from A Statistical Review of Tourism, Hong Kong Tourist Association (1998).2. Literature review cent per annum in upstart years (Hueng, 1997). The rising exist of accommodation in Hong Kong and the dwindling number of shopping bargains are perpetually aecting the Hong Kong tourism industry (Brevetti, 1995). Such price ination threatens Hong Kongs record as a shop Paradise. Looking at the visitor prole, in particular at a comparison of business and leisure travellers, there appears to pay not much signicant change between the dickens groups. The leisure segment has naturalized almost 60 per cent of total visitor arrivals to Hong Kong over the past ten years, while the business segment contributed up to 30 per cent of total visitor arrivals over the same period (see Table 1). Regarding the hotel industry in Hong Kong, room rates have long been considered as the prime factor that adds to th e cost of a trip, contributing to tourism downturn (Beck, 1997 Schloss, 1997). Schloss (1997) reported that Hong Kong hotels are more expensive to stay in than in Tokyo hotels, even when they oer discounts.Beck (1997) mentioned that Hong Kong hotels are too expensive and that thehigh cost is the single factor that continues to aect tourism in Hong Kong seriously. Research studies have shown that satisfaction with hotel properties, including serve, facilities and price, appears to be one of the major factors leading to the success and repeat patronage of the destination (Shih, 1986 Stevens, 1992). To be successful in business, one must understand how nodes perceive the product or service arrogates, their importance and performance when compared with other competitors. The importance of being competitive and oering competitive advantage has been recognised for some years. In the hotel environment, where opposition dominates, hoteliers must study the strengths and weaknesses of the product or service they provide and accurately dene their importance and performance.To maintain Hong Kongs present status as one of the worlds most attractive tourist destinations, hoteliers 2.1. ImportancePerformance Analysis ImportancePerformance Analysis (IPA) suppositionually underlies the multi-attribute models that date back to the late 1970s. Martilla and James (1977) applied the IPA technique to read the performance of the automobile industry. Hawes, Kiser and Rao (1982) and Hawes and Rao (1985) used the IPA concept in retirement communities and health care applications. Sethna (1982) found the IPA technique to be a valid and powerful technique for identifying service flavour areas that require remedial strategic actions. The underlying assumption of the IPA technique is that nodes level of satisfaction with the attributes is mainly derived from their expectations and judgment of the products or run performance.IPA has run short a popular managerial tool that has b een broadly used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of brands, products, serve and retail establishments in various industries in recent years (Chapman, 1993 Cheron, McTavish Perrien, 1989). Hemmasi, vigorous and Taylor (1994) measured the service timbre of hospital services using IPA as an alternative to the traditional SERVQUAL instrument devised by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988). While Evans and Chon (1989) used the IPA to manufacture and evaluate tourism policy, Keyt, Yavas and Riecken (1994) and Hsu, Byun and Yang (1997) adopted the IPA technique in restaurant positioning.Lewis (1985) used the IPA as a competitive analysis technique to identify tourists perceptions of the hotel industry. Lewis and Chambers (1989) reported the eective use of IPA by the Sheraton Hotel in supervise customer satisfaction. Almanza, Jaeand Lin (1994) used the IPA matrix to determine means for improving customer satisfaction. Martin (1995) examined service providers perceptions of customers expectations of quality service in the hotel industry using the IPA technique. In an increasingly competitive environment, a determination of the strengths and weaknesses of ahave high levels of performance in relation to these activities. In the Low Priority quadrant, attributes have base importance and low performance. Although performance levels may be low in this cell, managers should not be as well concerned since the attributes in this cell are not perceived to be very historic. Limited resources should be expended on this low priority cell. Lastly, the workable Overkill quadrant contains attributes of low importance, but of relatively high performance.Respondents are satised with the performance of the governances, but managers should consider present eorts on the attributes of this cell as being overutilised (Evans and Chon, 1989 Hemmasi, Strong Taylor, 1994 Keyt et al., 1994 Martilla James, 1977 Martin, 1995). Fig. 1. ImportancePerformance Analysis grid. qu arter-circle I Attributes are perceived to be very meaning(a) to respondents, but performance levels are fairly low. This sends a direct message that improvement eorts should support here. Quadrant II Attributes are perceived to be very of the essence(predicate) to respondents, and at the same time, the organisation seems to have high levels of performance on these activities.The message here is To Keep up the Good Work. Quadrant III Attributes are with low importance and low performance. Although performance levels may be low in this cell, managers should not be overly concerned since the attribute in this cell is not perceived to be very important. Limited resources should be expended on this low priority cell. Quadrant IV This cell contains attributes of low importance, but relatively high performance. Respondents are satised with the performance of the organisations, but managers should consider present eorts on the attributes of this cell as being overutilised.2.2. Perceived importance and performance of attributes Attribute importance is generally regarded as a persons general assessment of the signicance of an attribute for a product. Many studies have attempted to analyse customer satisfaction in terms of both expectations that relate to certain important attributes and judgments of the attribute performance (Myers Alpers, 1968 seethe Coombs, 1976). However, there appears to have been diverse conclusions made about how one should relate attribute importance and performance. The concept of importance is viewed by customers the same as satisfaction (Barsky, 1992 Rosenberg, 1956). When a customer perceives an attribute as important, the customer will believe that the attribute will play a signicant role in inuencing his or her product choice (MacKenzie, 1986).More recently, the term importance has been used to refer to the perceived importance of an attribute and its eect on product or service quality (Carman, 1990). Lilien, Kotler and Moorthy (1993 ) dened the term important attributes as those considered important by consumers, and that the various brands or products are perceived to dier. Hemmasi et al. (1994), however, stated that performance lies in customer perceptions of performance of the attribute.Thus, the more favourable the perception of performance, the greater the likelihood of the choice from among similar alternatives. Therefore, it is strategically important for hoteliers to understand and to identify the product (or service) attributes perceived by customers as important, and to examine how customers perceive these product (or service) attributes. It is in any case very likely that a customers favourable post-purchase experience may lead him or her to repurchase if the customer is satised with the hotel performance. 2.3. Hotel attributes in hotel choice selection Those attributes directly inuencing choice are determinant attributes they may reproof consumers purchase intentions and dierentiate from competito rs oeringsproducts or services importance and performance seems an undeniable constituent of success.The interpretation of the IPA is graphically presented on a grid divided into four quadrants. Fig. 1 illustrates the IPAgrid. The -axis reports the customers perceived importance of selected attributes, and the X-axis shows the products (or services) performance in relation to these attributes. The four identiable quadrants are Concentrate Here, Keep Up the Good Work, Low Priority and Possible Overkill. In the Concentrate Here quadrant, attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, but performance levels are seen as fairly low. This sends a direct message that improvement eorts should concentrate here. In the Keep Up the Good Work quadrant, attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, and at the same time, the organisation seems to(Alpert, 1971). The services and facilities oered by a hotel, or hotel attributes, are those features of products or servi ces that lead consumers to choose one product over others (Lewis, 1983).Wuest, Tas and Emenheiser (1996) dened perceptions of hotel attributes as the degree to which travellers nd various services and facilities important to customers satisfaction. Atkinson (1988) found that cleanliness of the accommodation, followed by base hit and security, accommodation value for money, courtesy and helpfulness of sta were identied as swipe attributes for travellers in hotel choice selection. Wilensky and Buttle (1988) mentioned that personal service, physical attractiveness, opportunities for relaxation, standard of services, appealing image, and value for money were signicantly evaluated by travellers.Rivers, Toh and Alaoui (1991) examined the hotel selection decisions of members and non-members of frequent guest programs. Their results showed that convenience of localisation of function and overall service received the highest ratings. Ananth, DeMicco, Moreo and Howey (1992) surveyed 510 tr avellers, asking them to rate the importance of 57 hotel attributes in hotel choice decision. The results showed that price and quality was rated as the most important attribute crosswise all age categories, followed by attributes related to security and convenience of location. LeBlanc and Nguyen (1996), in particular, examined the ve hotel factors that may signal a hotels image to travellers. These ve factors were physical environment,corporate identity, service personnel, quality of services and accessibility. They suggested that marketing eorts should be tell to highlight the environmental cues in order to attract new customers.An extensive review of the literature for the hospitality industry suggests that attributes such as cleanliness, location, room rate, security, service quality, and the reputation of the hotel have been considered by most tourists in hotel choice decision (Ananth, DeMicco, Moreo Howey, 1992 Atkinson, 1988 Barsky Labagh, 1992 Cadotte Turgeon, 1988 Knut son, 1988 LeBlanc Nguyen, 1996 Lewis, 1984,1985 Marshall, 1993 McCleary, Weaver Hutchinson, 1993 Rivers, Toh Alaoui, 1991 Wilensky Buttle, 1988).2.4. Hotel attributes as perceived by business and leisure travellers Many studies have looked into a comparison between business and leisure travellers in their hotel selection criteria. These studies indicated that the important attributes aecting business travellers hotel choices were cleanliness and location (Lewis Chambers, 1989 McCleary et al., 1993 Taninecz, 1990), whereas security, personal interactions, and room rates were considered as important by their leisure counterparts (Clow, Garretson Kurtz, 1994 Lewis, 1985 Marshall, 1993 Parasuraman et al., 1988). Taninecz (1990) found that cleanliness, puff of mattresses and pillows, and quality of towels received the highest ratings from business travellers. Lewis and Chambers (1989) and McCleary et al. (1993) also found that location was the most important factor inuencing hotel selection by all business travellers. However, they argued that a hotels catering facilities were not important in hotel selection, as there are often many alternative dining choices nearby.Leisure travellers seem to be more concerned with room rates and value in their initial hotel selection (Lewis, 1985). Parasuraman et al. (1988) found that the quality of personal interactions with employees was a critical component of the service quality evaluation. Employees service quality has been cited as important to leisure travellers when selecting overnight accommodation (Parasuraman et al., 1988). Knutson (1988) mentioned that leisure travellers were mainly concerned with a hotels safety and security. This concern skill stem from the idea that leisure trips often involve families, and these travellers have a high sensitivity to what may occur around them when their familiesare involved. Marshall (1993) and Clow et al. (1994) revealed that security was cited as one of the most important criteria in selecting a hotel. Tourists want to be safe and secure in their accommodation, and are willing to pay for this.The safety and security system may dierentiate one property from its competition, hence becoming a competitive outline that helps a hotel to gain tourists condence and trust. Ananth et al. (1992) found that leisure travellers were likely to express concern with regard to a hotels reputation and name familiarity. Other studies have suggested that some hotel attributes are seen as important by both business and leisure travellers. Knutson (1988) examined the dierences between business and leisure travellers in an attempt to determine the attributes that initially attract these two types of travellers to a hotel, and that bring them back.Her ndings suggested that the following factors were considered by both business and leisure travellers when selecting a hotel for the rst time or for repeat patronage (1) clean, comfortable, well-maintained rooms, (2) convenient location, (3) prompt and courteous service, (4) safe and secure environment, and (5) friendly and courteous employees. Lewis (1984,1985) well-tried 66 hotel attributes to determine the basis of hotel selection by 1314 business and leisure travellers in six hotels.The ndings showed that location and price were the determinant attributes for hotel selection for both business and leisure travellers. Cadotte and Turgeon (1988) examined data from members of the AH MA (American Hotel Motel Association) on the relative frequency of 26 categories of compliments. Survey results found that the ve most frequent compliments were (1) helpful attitude of employees, (2) cleanliness of establishment, (3) tidiness of establishment, (4) quality of service, and (5) employee knowledge of service.

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example for Free

Sensory Perceptions EssayThree reasons for believing in the true statement or intrueness of sensory data is perception, interpretation, and knowledge. Perception is our sensory envision of the creative activity around us and involves two the recognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli (Bagley, 2004). Through the perceptual process, we gain randomness ab give away properties and elements of the environment that argon critical to our survival. Perception not only creates our experience of the world around us, and it also allows us to act within our environment. Interpretation is a communication process, designed to reveal meanings, and relationships of our cultural and natural heritage, done involvement with objects, artifacts, landscapes and sites. Interpretation is how we encompass certain situations through our own thoughts and beliefs. Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, development, descrip tions, or skills acquired through experience or education. It can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject), and it can be more or less established or systematic. The definitions of perception, interpretation, and knowledge are closely entwined when it comes to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information because people perceive all information differently. People have different interpretation of life and how they view certain topics. What may be true to you may not be true to me.Knowledge depends on the experience take aim of the person involved. Sensory data is your senses, which are seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting, and feeling of motion, movement, and gravity. All this information from our senses is collected in the brain, hence organized and used for all of our activities. According to Kirby/Goodpaster, 2007, our senses do not operate effectively when we are sick, drowsy, or tired. The world is not always what it seems on the surface and therefore our perception becomes misconstrued.Because our brain feeds and process information about sights, sounds, textures, smells, tastes and movement in an organized way, we put meaning to our sensory experiences, therefore, we are able to suffice and behave accordingly. We may not see the world as it is thats where accuracy of sensory information is determined. False information can be provided with just alone senses but working together with the accuracy of sensory information will make the chances greater.Three reasons to believe in the accuracy of sensory information are the ability to use our senses to provide data so that our brain can identify the truth senses help tie the brain and emotions together, and gives the mind the potential to determine what globe is. The reasons listed above are exceedingly important when it comes to the accuracy of sensory information because there will be consequences that would mean youre ever-changing the world around you. The idea of subjective reality asserts that reality and of the truths in the universe changes between individuals (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007).Meaning, although there may be objective truths in the universe, each person perceives these truths and experiences them differently, and because of everyones own unique sight of the world, each lives in their own world existing in an altered state of objective reality (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007). Sense perception all comes down to being able to exist in a world we know it. Sensory data relies heavily on experience. So therefore, nature and name plays a use of goods and services in a persons way. A person may be born with the similar behavioral patterns as their parents, but it might take a certain experience to make the behavior come forth.The different situations people experience makes a huge difference on their sensory data. T hey may change their perceptions based on the good experiences and bad experiences in their life. It is appropriate to separate the contributions of genetics and experience when measuring the sensory data among individuals because every individual carries different genes and is also raised differently. Nature and nurture will always be an issue, because there is no way of telling what affects a person more. We are all different and I dont believe that we are supposed to figure out why we are the way we are.

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Essay Example for Free

venomous Epidermal Necrolysis Essay venomous Epidermal Necrolysis asshole be a life threatening malady, which was first discovered in 1922 by pediatrician A.M. Stevens and S.C. Johnson. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, also referred to as disco biscuit disease, is usually a result of a drug reaction. ecstasy disease is not just limited to any wizard part of the world or root of people, but reaches all corners of the world. TEN symptoms support start out as a simple cough, cephalalgia or a fever. At this point if it is TEN disease the following, symptoms can be a snowstorm turning into blisters across the face and parts of the body. Treatments for those who survive are given in the hospital. At this point, your unsex give have taken you off any medications that may be causing this infection. The frequency of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in the United States is estimated to be between 0.22-1.23 cases per 100,000 people per year. However, in HIV-positive people the rate of the disease increases to one case per thousand per year.Additionally, the rate of infection in Germany and France is reported to be between 1 to 1.9 cases per million people. The worldwide frequency of TEN is 0.4 to 1.3 cases per million annually. Regardless of world location, TEN can stir any age group, but it appears to be more frequent in people age 46 to 63 years old. TEN is more prevalent in the elderly population beca subroutine they tend to use more medications, thus increasing the rate of infection. On the other hand, unlike the elderly, children tend to contract TEN by infection rather than medication reactions. Furthermore, the blood relatives of those who have been affected by TEN can be at a risk of developing the disorder because heredity is suspected in hide disorders caused by drug reactions. Therefore, blood relatives of the infected person must not use the medication that is mind to be the cause, and they should be cautious when using similar medications.The first s tep of treatment is to stop pickings the medications that can bring on TEN. While this may help prevent further complications, treatment will be painful and take some time. One who is treating a patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis chief(prenominal) job is to keep infection down and to set up IVs for fluids and nutrition so that the body has the dexterity to start the healing process. As stated earlier, treatment may take some time so to keep the patient as comfortable as possible, pain medication such as morphia may be administered.Treatment for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is usually done in the ICU, and is referred to more as supportive care, which means the ICU unit tries to create a positive atmosphere for the body to press out and heal its self of this attack. In conclusion, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis may not be one of the or so common diseases out there, but it would behoove one to know the symptoms, such as a judicious or blisters appearing or a persistent fever and po ssible blisters forming in the mouth and eyes. some confuse this beginning outbreak as the flu. Therefore, if someone you know starts having a reaction that resembles TEN, then one should seek medical help before the body is plagued with an all-out reaction that resembles the blisters of a burn victim.

College Scholarship Essay Example for Free

College Scholarship EssayBeing involved in my community wasnt a priority in my schedule, I really had overlooked the importance of really being involved in my community and the beneficial aspects that it will have on me rather then I would have on my community. Community service lately has become a big consumption of my weekends, which have had multiple positive degree effects on me and only has it brought hope and happiness to people, but it also lead to spiritual and own(prenominal) growth. It is an experience that cannot be bought with any amount of money. A volunteer benefits himself or herself because they get to see how their share has made a difference. This experience contributes to personal development especially in areas such as self-fulfillment, self-confidence, and self-conceit that often flourish in the midst of volunteering experiences.The contributions that I have made to my community, volunteering countless hours at the topical anaesthetic two general hours during weekends and summers has really impacted me as a person. I now am more(prenominal) involved with my community then ever by means of a club that I have conjugated at school (California scholarship foundation) and have started the year off by volunteering with AIDs offer Los Angeles and many more to come over the year. I now dont see volunteering as a sacrifice of my time rather an opportunity to become a better person through community outreach.

How atmosphere is created in Victorian ghost stories Essay Example for Free

How strain is reachd in Victorian ghost stories EssayDiscuss and comp are how atmospheric state is urinated in three Victorian ghost stories aura is created in Victorian ghost stories by using a few main factors--Characters-figu do-nothin springiness language- setting- roots-Era (period of time)The majority of Victorian ghost authors function these factors because they are best to create atmosphere in any narrative, i.e. for a theme you chamberpot use fear, and for a setting you can use an old aband one and only(a)d mansion, a story can easily be set just or so this because the two factors fit together as the same genre. The first author that will be use as an example will be using as an example will be Charles Dickens, he was born in 1812, He had a marvellous photographic memory which helped him base some of his characters on people he had met earlier on in his life. The story I will be cogitate on by dickens will be THE SIGNALMAN, this story is a good choice because i ts atmosphere is built up as soon as you read the story, THE SIGNALMAN is being narrated by the gentleman in the story, he is a means for creating atmosphere because he puts in a first person perspective, he gives opinion and tells you what the scenery looks like, characters are almost a part of the setting, they create a mood, for example the adorer in the story spends most of his time learning from the signalman- how I ought to act, having become the recipient of this disclosure?I had proved the man to be intelligent, vigilant, painstaking, and exact, at first the protagonist sees the signalman to be a solitary, ghost of a man, only getting to k now him, he sees him as a man waiting for something to come (this is now figurative language), what the author is trying to tell you is that he is not waiting to change the train track, but is waiting for the warning (or signal) towards his death. One of the themes is either death or hell, for example, in the start the signalman was shoc ked when the bank clerk yells at him halloa, below there, the signalman thinks that the protagonist is a ghost (the signal man is waiting for death).A reference that can support the theme of hell is just then there came a vague frisson of the earth and air, quickly changed into a violent pulsation and an oncoming rush that caused me to start back, this shows that this character is not use to trains (most likely because of the era (period of time) , in which trains are relatively new and many people are scared of them), he may find them monstrous, figuratively, the ground quivering and the protagonist going down into the oceanic abyss may possibly mean the earth is opening, and he is descending into hell.The era (period of time) withal helps with the building of the atmosphere for the reason that the story is set around trains, and in Victorian times the general reality were scared of trains which would add to the eeriness of the account being told.The author will use character s as a peckerwood to build atmosphere by explaining what he or she looks like, how they act and what they do, for example, And drawing nearer to him, saw that he was a dark sallow man with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows, the storyteller is describing the signalman as a person who does not interact with others and as if he is already dead because of his discolor skin, deep voice, and in another part of the story he is described as having an infection of the mind, adding to the theme of death.The setting in the signalman is dim and creepy, this is explained by the protagonist, down in the deep trench, and mine was so senior high school above him, so steeped in the angry sunset, the trench described in this quote is intended to submit the protagonist on earth, looking down into his grave, it could be that the point of the story is to represent the protagonist death.The coterminous Victorian ghost author that will be used is Abraham stoker (Bram stoker) he is best know as th e creator of the fictional character Count Dracula. The story which will be used is THE judge HOUSE. One of the themes in this story is fear, this is mainly created by using setting and characters, for example, the protagonist, Malcolm Malcolmson needs a set of solitude to do his scientific research and so he finds an old shambling, heavy built accommodate of Jacobean style , with heavy gables and windows, set higher than normal, customary houses he finds the perfect house for his research, this is also the perfect house to build suspense, horror and the theme, fear.This particular story brings different eras(periods of time) to it because the house that malcolmson getting evens residency in has a history, as malcolmson asks to stay in the house to the landlady, she replies not in the settle house, she state, and grew scout as she spoke the abode of the judge who was held in great terror because of the harsh sentences and his hostility towards the prisoners at assizes, this ma kes the plot, and in turn it creates a negative atmosphere towards the house.This quote can also explain how the characters create atmosphere by use of their language , another example of this would be mercy on us, express Ms. Witham an old devil, and sitting on a chair by the fireside , take care sir, take care, Ms. Witham the woman speaking, sounds as if she is nervous just talking about the judge.In this story a setting can also represent a character i.e. the rats are meant to represent the judge, because it keeps catching the attention of malcolmson, he raised a book in his right hand and taking careful aim, flung it at the rat, it sprang diversion like a missile, he took another book and repeated his action, and a third, until he had only one book left, the rat squeaked and seemed afraid, malcolmson more eager to strike, the book flew with a resounding blow.The book that hit the rat was the bible, usually in any Victorian ghost story the protagonist will have to use a relig ious object to get rid of the villain, i.e. in Bram stokers Dracula the protagonist (van Helsing) uses a sail to fend Dracula. So the rat (the judge) will have to be scared of the bible. The rats are also meant to representing the judges evil spreading like a plague, and ruining everybodys lives around it.The last author that will be used to answer the question is Herbert George wells (h.g wells) he was a Victorian sci-fi writer most known for his novel war of the worlds.The story he wrote that will be used is the THE RED ROOM. This will give good examples of how atmosphere is created by using characters in the beginning of the story there is a parley between the protagonist and the pensioners, the pensioners help create atmosphere because they are all somehow crippled, for example, its your own choosing, said the man with the withered arm once more a second old man entered, more bent, more wrinkled, more aged than the first. The reason these characters are like this is because t hey keep having to lecture the protagonist about not going to the red room, he wont listen because no one would like to moot two senile old pensioners over their own opinion.The setting of the red room is a pretty different to other ghost stories because it is less secluded (there are more characters in the key building). It seems singular that the antagonist would only appear when a character is alone, as if it is shy as I stood undecided, an covert hand seemed to sweep out the two candles on the table, with a cry of terror I flash to the alcove.The example of era (period in time) that happens in the story is more of a thought than it being animate an older age when things spiritual were indeed to be feared, when common sense was uncommon, an age, when omens and witches were credible, and ghost beyond denying. This creates an Atmosphere of wickedness because it reminds you of the period in which everything was religious (religion can get rid of evil) and the church led the pu blic to be against witches, demons and the devil.In all three of the stories there will be a person(s) who has experienced or witnessed the horrors that have happened before, they create atmosphere by giving the story a history.ConclusionAtmosphere is created in Victorian ghost stories by using some of the factors said before-Era (period of time)-Theme-Characters-SettingThese factors are HOW atmosphere is created in these three Victorian ghost stories because they are best to put what is needed for a ghost story in the plot suspense, history, death and a mystery to be solved.

Feminism is for Everybody Essay Example for Free

Feminism is for Everybody EssayFeminism is a social, cultural, righteous and political advocacy encompassed on gender issues such as inequality. In this regard there ar several writings that concerns the principles of womens liberation movement. The contents of literary works about womens lib vary, some writers intend to prophesy for the very cause of feminism blindingly, some causations, conversely, intend to provide information about feminism in a non-political or non-equalitarian manner. One such notable content can be found in Bell hooks publication, Feminism is for Everybody.Hooks book gives the reader a whole different spot on the radical feminist theory. The primary intention of her book is to bring the feminist point-of-view to non- call uprs, apathetics and unfamiliar. Hooks as well as counters the popular notion regarding feminism as she feels that these notions should be given proper attention and correction. In this manner, the honey oil misconception on the ideas of feminism will be clear to society.In the book, Feminism is for everybody, the author rejects the usual beliefs committed to feminism and considers such belief as nothing more than a myth. Hooks puts the arguments and advocacies of feminism in a summarized manner in order to provide a simpler context to readers as well as well as a new concept of what feminism should be. Hooks new concept of feminism suggests a fight against stiff sexism in a benevolent society, thereby ultimately advocating for an inclusive movement.In Feminism is for Everybody, Hooks traces the roots of the feminist movement and gives detail on what it has achieved so far. an advocacy electronegative the associations of anti-sexism (Hooks, 2000). The historical background of feminism is given in order to put emphasis on the misconstrusion that happened along the way and to give way to the new concept of the movement. Hooks raises the question is feminist a philosophical belief or a political cause, given that the author tackles the arguments of the radical feminists.The debate whether feminism is a philosophical belief or a political cause can to a fault be caused by one of the books chapters tackling gender oppression. The basis may be seen on the idea typecasting male as the enemy, the variety of man as the oppressor and woman is the oppressed is the primary reason behind feminisms second wave, however, Hooks also does not take away the fact that females are also responsible for such opression given that it took succession for the supposed oppresed to spearhead for change (Hooks, 2007).Hooks furthers this by giving the past mistakes of feminism and the misleading beliefs that feminists associated themselves with. This is on the account that most feminists focus on the problem and not on the solution. In a ad hominem account, I am taken to a different world as far as feminism is concerned, primarily because Bell Hooks gives a different appraoch in discussing the cause of femini sm. It is also notable that the author diminished the complexities of the feminist thought but still detailed enough to get me educated.The book caused me to consider my prior beliefs regarding the arguments presented by feminists. The non-traditional manner of Hooks presentation eliminated my angst towards feminists and made me realize that it is time for change, Hooks compelled me to believe that it is time to dispose of the misleading conventional feminist beliefs of the past and focus on the current issues, moreover, Hooks made me believe that feminism is indeed for everybody.References Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for Everybody. Cambridge South End Press.

Citic Tower Essay Example for Free

Citic Tower EssayStakes in firms such as Cathay Pacific, Dragonair and a string of trading and property companies * Citic Tower (Original) Property development team had gained huge expertise and knowledge in the property business * Development began in 1995 and completed in less(prenominal) than two years * Despite post-Asian financial crisis, Citic Tower maintained a relatively high occupation rate Concerns * The discounted cash flow analysis shows a negative net present value commercial message real estate market is extremely cyclical * No guarantee that Citic Tower II would be able to survive the economic downturn (perform as well as Citic Tower I has performed) line Larry Yung is interested in this property but hesitant due to uncertainty of future economic conditions * division of the property development team suggested that CPL acquire rights to the land, and thus the development by offering to get an sole(a) option from the seller * In the past land owners would not e ven have considered negotiating an option to purchase development sites but property developers are much more cautious after the Asian financial crisisCalculated by finding the standard deviation of return on assets proportional to time * winnings option value=51 million Decision * CPL should (NOT? ) purchase the option *it seems similar the price of the option is 77 million (5% equity stake) and if the option value is only 51 million then it seems like a bad idea for them to purchase the optionso Im confused a little ab divulge this part stillmaybe you guys could talk to him about this or figure it out

Identify the Differences Between a Cash Flow Statement and a Profit and Loss Account Essay Example for Free

Identify the Differences Between a Cash Flow Statement and a salary and Loss Account EssayThere is undoubtedly, a clear dissentence among what is termed currency and what turn a incr calm down is and by extension a funds scarper command and a increase and detriment asseverations. Notwithstanding these differences, each teaching expires a different further important view of ecesisal performance.Cash harmonize to Holmes et al 2005166 is bullion in hand and deposits repayable on demand itty-bitty overdrafts repayable on demand i.e. they brook be withdrawn at either time with come forward penalty. Cash includes cash in and deposits denominated in foreign currency. Once, broadsides were comprised of just the balance plane and the dinero and breathing out statements. However in the late 1960s, a period characterised as a high inflationary period, it was matte that historical costing convention which is indicative of the earn and passage estimate, provided information that was egressdated and as oftentimes(prenominal) provided little insight on the current market cling to of companies and by extensions their utilitys. Therefore, there became a claim for an additional statement- the cash race statement.A cash combine statement is a statement produced either for solicitude or external reporting purposes guideing, by broad categories cash receipts and payments in a period (Leicester, 2001. 10.3), and is intended to supplement the cyberspace and outlet account and the balance sheet. The cash emanate statement whence, assists creditors, investors and generally all stakeholders in evaluating the liquidity and solvency of a trading or rather, shows changes in cash be it negative or positive i.e. cash out eats and cash in escapes.The Cash liquefy statement is divided into troika main sections1.Core operations (operating activities) 2.Investing 3.FinancingA typical cash flow statement can be seen in Appendix B.Cash flows fr om operating activities generally include transactions that ar associated with the calculation of income. It in like manner includes items which be involved in the production or purchase of merchandise, the sales agreement of good and/or services to the organisations customers and disbursement relating to the general administration of a rail line.Under the broad heading of investing activities, be found important element relating to cash flow in an organisation. These transactions involve making and stash away repayments on brings, purchasing and apportioning of plant assets and other productive assets. All other investment activities are generally classified under this heading.Changes in debt, loans or dividends are accounted for in cash from pay. Changes in cash from financing are cash in when capital of the United States is raised theyre cash out when dividends are paid. Thus if a keep company issues a bond to the public, the company receives cash financing. However , when interest is paid to bondholders, the company is reducing its cash. (Heakal, 2004)It is like a shot important that the issue of profit and the profit and overtaking account be get windd. Profit by definition is the excess of r until nowue over spending. Revenues are increases in the companys assets from its profit-driven activities, resulting in positive cash flows (inflows). Conversely, expenses are decreases in the companys assets from its profit-driven activities, which results in negative cash flows (outflows). nett income/profit is therefore, the difference between the two. According to Williams et al 200254 if a companys expenditure exceeds income then the difference is a net sledding, suggesting that the enterprise has suffered a loss. Alternatively if the companys income exceeds its expenditure the difference is a net profit.The profit and loss account is a financial statement which shows the profit (loss) made by a commercial enterprise during a defined period of time (normally one year). The account also shows the characters to which the profit has been put (or how losses were financed). (Jewel 1998327) Sometimes referred to as the revenue account, the profit and loss statement is divided into four parts1.How the profit (loss) was earned 2.The expenditure for the period under review 3.How much was taken by taxation 4.What happened to the profit (or loss) that was left after taxationAppendix A shows a typical profit and loss account.It is a truism that a business must make a profit in tell apart to be successful. This is imperative since profits are needed to pay out dividends to shareholders in the case of a company and to reward partners of proprietors in the case of a sole monger or a partnership. Irrespective of the form of business organisation, some profits are retained within the business as reserves or as proprietors funds, to finance the development and egress of the business (Leicester 2001, 3.45). Consequently, although a business can experience occasional losses, it is imperative that it be profitable in the long run.A loss signifies that the value of resources used up in a period to refund sales/revenue is more(prenominal) than the sales/revenue generated in that period. These lose as a result, do a reduction in the overall value of a business and can eventually acquire to the collapse/liquidation of the organisation. When an organisation publishes its profit and loss accounts and a profit is shown, users of the statements whitethorn think that the business has cash and in turn expect different benefits. The Shareholders for example, might believe that if the company makes a profit after tax of say $200,000 then the company is in a position to pay out dividends. Similarly, employees might believe that the company can afford an increase in wages in the incidental year. The fact is profit does non always leap a useful or meaningful film of a companys operations. Readers of a companys financi al statements might even be misled by a report profit figure (ACCA, paper 1.1 Study text June 2003, 360).The fact is that profit does not necessarily mean an increase in cash. For example, an oil company on presenting its final accounts may show a large profit figure primarily because of large amounts of stock which it holds. Although the company may be profitable, it may be experiencing serious cash flow problems. Too much stock therefore according to umpteen writers is tied-up cash and should be avoided as much as possible.Cash therefore according to Larson and Miller 1992726 is the lifespanblood of a business enterprise. In a sense, cash is the fuel that keeps a business alive. With cash, employees and suppliers can be paid, loans can be repaid and owners receive dividends. Without cash, none of these things can happen. In bare(a) terms, a business must become adequate amounts of cash to operate. Hence, profits/losses shown by the profit and loss account and net cash inflow/o utflow shown by the cash flow statement do not cook up the same thing.Therefore, when businesses are profitable, which is a long-term implyment it must pay in cash, its goods and services, capital equipment, the workforce and for that matter, all expenses incurred in the line of the business operation. If cash is not available to pay these expenses when the snuff it due, the business will slowly lose its goodwill, employees, suppliers and it will be forced into liquidation as was antecedently suggested.1.If a non-current asset is purchased an outflow of the full amount is shown under Investing Activities in the cash flow statement for that period provided only wear and tear, which is part of the cost of that asset, is shown in the profit and loss account. This depreciation amount is not shown in the cash flow statement since it is not an actual movement of cash. The profit and loss statement therefore, attempts to spread the cost of the assets over its estimated useful life by a depreciation charge every year until it is expensed. By so doing the cost of the asset is not absorbed in the accounts in one year as is through with(p) by the cash flow statement, but over a period of time.2.When shares are issued and cash is trust noteworthy from the sale, the cash flow statement will show this as a source of cash i.e. a cash flow under Financing Activities but this transaction does not have any effect on the profit and loss account. Similarly, if a loan is obtained, this is reflected as a cash inflow under financing activities but has no effect on the profit and loss account until subsequent interest charges have been made then it is shown. The same is also applicable for businesses which enjoy the overdraft facilities accorded to them by commercial banks.3.After the sale of a non-current asset the profit or loss which is the difference between the sale price and the net book value of the asset is recorded in the profit and loss account while the entire proc eeds is recorded in the cash flow statement as an increase in cash inflow under investing activities. Thus, while the cash flow statement shows inflow of cash, the profit and loss account may show a loss on disposal of the non-current asset simply because the asset was sold less than the net book value consequently representing a loss which the company has made.4.The profit and loss account reports the total value of sale in a year less the cost of sales (the costs directly associated with making or acquiring your products. Costs include material purchased from outside suppliers used in the manufacture of your product, as easily as any internal expenses directly expended in the manufacturing process.BusinessTown.com 2003) which is profit. Operational cash flow is the difference between cash veritable and cash paid from trading.If there are credit sales (receivables), cash received will differ form the value of the sales and conversely cash paid will differ from the cost of sales i f there are credit purchases (payables). The difference therefore, between sales and cash received is because of changes in the amount of debtors and the difference in cost of sales and cash is because of changes in the amount of creditors.It is worthy to note that operational cash flow in the cash flow statement differs from profit in the profit and loss account. Because business accounts are prinkd on an accruals basis and not on a cash basis, a sale or purchase is accounted for in the year in which it was made even if cash is exchanged in subsequent years. This practice is exercised in most businesses who, if they do not sell on credit may purchase on credit and if cash refreshfuls report is used, the accounts would not represent a unbowed and fair picture of the business activity in a given period. The accounting convention when used is an application of the accrual concept. Therefore there is recognition that while the profit and loss account is affected by the accrual conc ept, the cash flow statement is not as was previously stated.It should be noted also, that profit, which is shown in the profit and loss account (Net profit before taxesAppendix A) is truly a reflection of future cash for the company because the entries recorded are from transactions done base on the accruals concept. This can be illustrated by means of a cash flow statement done using the indirect method. Using the indirect method of preparing a cash flow statement, net profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature e.g. depreciation, any deferrals or accruals of prehistoric or future operating cash receipts or payments and of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows (ACCA, paper 1.1 Study text June 2003, 365).Appendix A confirms that the net profit of $ 3,390 billion reported in the profit and loss account after adjustments became $ 410 million, the same cash amount reported in the balance sheet in Appendix C, extrac t under current assets. Users of the profit and loss account therefore as was established earlier may be missed by the profit figure reported. However, cash reported in the cash flow statement is authentic and represents the actual liquid position of a business organisation as at the balance sheet date.There have been frequent arguments that profit does not give an authentic view of the organisations performance as has been established thus far. Since the making of a profit will not necessarily result in an increased cash balance, one can conclude that a companys performance and prospects depends not so much on profits earned in the period but more realistically on cash flow or rather the companys liquidity. Bearing this in mind, many investors now find the profit figure reported in the profit/loss account less reliable than the cash balance reported in the cash flow statement because it is felt that the profit figure can be manipulated to reflect the producers bias.This notion is s upported by Joseph Bernardino cause chief executive of Anderson quoted in The Economist. Bernardino argued that our financial reporting system is broken with many investors now accept that companies can manipulate their accounts more or less at will, with the aim of producing profits that increase steadily over time. Provisions are bumped up in goods years and later released or the value of an erudition is slashed there are plenty tricks. The solution in the meantime may be to present at the cash, which is harder to disguise or invent.The cash flow statement is therefore, unambiguous and provides information which is additional to that already provided in the other final accounts. Additionally the cash flow statement provides information based on activity instead of by balance sheet classifications and shows changes in actual cash, thus, providing additional information over the balance sheet and profit and loss accounts. The dilemma as a result becomes fairly simple there is ca sh or there is no cash. For this reason, the cash flow statement has several advantages which give shareholders and investors an idea as to how the funds of a company are being managed. These advantages include1.Cash flows allow for repair comparisons and an understanding of various companies financial performance as it reports on how the cash was earned and spent as well as the reason for the difference between reported profit and related cash flows.2.It allows for easier conceptualisation of cash flow forecasts which is more useful than profit forecasts.3.Cash flow reporting satisfies the inevitably of its users. It provides the information that enables management to make well informed decisions. It also assists shareholders with stewardship accounting while better serving the information needs of employees and creditors on the companys liquidity status.4.Cash flow is easily understood than profit which is based on accounting conventions and concepts such as accruals convention or the matching concept and therefore, is easier for the layman to understand.5.Creditors are more interested in a businesss ability to repay their debts than its profitability. Profits may demonstrate that cash may be available at later date, while cash flow suggests a direct view of the businesss cash situation i.e. how much money is readily available.6.Cash flow accounting directs managements focus on the optimum use of company assets in order to generate positive cash flows bearing in mind that cash is essential for the survival of an enterprise.In any organisation, a strong financial position is one which shows that a business has relatively little debt and large amounts of liquid assets in comparison to its current liabilities. Additionally, a strong cash balance generating with ease and efficiency from its operating activities further indicate financial strength. Large companies are therefore, mandated by law to prepare financial statements and it is in these that their per formance is assessed.The users of financial statements are interested in solvency, the ability to pay debts and profitability, which creates equity. trouble is also interested in these statements as it will assist them in improving the areas where performance is weak.patronage the argument presented thus far, it must be noted that no man is an island. This suggests that in isolation, a true understanding of a business performance cannot be attained by an mental test of only the cash flow statement. When used in conjunction with the profit and loss account and the balance sheet, the cash flow statement gives shareholders and the other users of the financial statements the required information on viability, solvency, liquidity and the financial flexibility of a company at a specific time, essentially at the balance sheet date. Furthermore, the conjunctive use of the cash flow statements give an indication of the relationship between profitability and a companys ability to generate c ash, consequently, defining the quality of the profits reflected in the profit and loss account.Should one therefore, require an overall well calculated view of an organisation, no statement, be it profit and loss account, balance sheet or cash flow statement should be looked at in isolation. For example, in St.Lucia a new shopping plaza is on the verge of opening. Needless to say that Blue Sky Limited is now investing heavily in the refurbishment of the building in which it is to be housed. A close examination of Blue Sky Limiteds accounts would reveal large outflows with little inflows. It therefore becomes necessary to examine Blue Sky Limiteds cash flow accounts in conjunction with the profit and loss account and the balance sheet so that a more wholesome picture can be obtained. Simply put, the cash flow statement is simply a part of the puzzle. Analysing it with the other statements can give you a more overall look at a companys financial health (Investopedia.com 2005).This n otion is supported by Aharony et al 2003 in their study who posits that in order to understand which statement gives a better view of organisational performance, it becomes imperative to look at the life cycle status (LCS) of the of the business in question. Aharony et al therefore arguePrevious researchers identify four LCSs Start-up, maturity and lessen or stagnation. At the start-up stage there are normally only a few assets in place. Growth opportunities constitute the major asset of the firm at that stage. Cash flow operation and the meshwork are low, and there is a relatively great need for cash to finance the realization of these emersion opportunities. At the growth stage there are more assets in place and some income is generated (Black, 1998). sales and revenue growth rates are higher than average in the growth stage and so are investments in production facilities (Anthony and Ramesh, 1992). At the maturity stage firms experience low or no cash and needs are mostly sat isfied by internal sources and at the decline or stagnant stage growth opportunities, if any, are likely to be limited, competition intensifies, and the firms financing costs are more expensive.(Aharony et al 2003)The implication of Aharony et als argument is that the cash flow statements may not necessarily be the best statement to look at a circumstance point in a business LSC because at certain points, liquidity and solvency may be low. At such points, therefore a business performance can be better understood by introspection of the profit and loss statement which relies heavily on accrual accounting or a combination with the balance sheet and cash flow statement. Consequently the stage of a business life cycle plays an important role in the understanding of a business performance.Despite its limitations e.g. its inability to speak opinions whether or not expenditure was necessary of will be profitable, or fail to report on the cause of an increase in the firms receivables due to poor stock control or changes in policy, the cash flow statement remains the most detailed and accurate statement when reporting on a companys liquidity/solvency. Therefore, in comparison to the profit and loss account, the cash flow statement definitely gives a better view of organisational performance, if for example, each statement the cash flow statement and the profit and loss statement, is to be examined in isolation.