Hinduism Essay -- Religion Spirituality Carvaka Yoga Essays

Hinduism In India in that location are six orthodox schools of philosophy which recognize the authority of the Vedas as divine revelation, and they generally function as pairs - Nyaya and Vaishesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta, and Samkhya and Yoga. Those who did not recognize this authority were the Jains, Buddhists, and materialists. Even in India where spiritual ideas decree the culture there were most who were skeptical of those ideals and held to a materialist view of the land they were called Carvaka, and their doctrine that this world is all that exists is called Lokayata.The materialists did not believe in an time to come and found sense perception to be the only source of knowledge, denying the cogency of inference or general concepts. They focused on the senses and the four tralatitious elements of earth, water, fire, and air. Consciousness for the Carvaka is only a modification of these elements in the body. The soul is also identified with the body, and pleasure and pain are the central experiences of spirit, nature universe indifferent to good and evil with virtue and vice being barely social conventions.This worldly philosophy naturally ignored the goal of liberation (moksha) or simply believed that death as the end of life and knowingness was a liberation. However, they also tended to neglect the value of virtue or umpire (dharma), placing all of their attention on the worldly aims of pleasure (kama) and wealth or power (artha).Although Carvaka ideas are mentioned in some superannuated writings, their own superannuated writings were lost, and much of what we know of the early materialists is based on criticisms of former(a) schools. However, a famous, ancient drama called The Rise of the Moon of Intellect (Prabodha-candrodaya) reveals some of the beliefs of this worldly movement. In this play beloved is personified and speaks to a materialist and one of his pupils.Passion laughs at ignorant fools, who imagine that spirit is different fro m the body and reaps a reward in a future existence. This is like expecting trees to grow in air and produce fruit. Has anyone seen the soul separate from the body? Does not life come from the configuration of the body? Those who believe otherwise deceive themselves and others. Their ancient teacher Brihaspati affirmed the importance of the senses, maintaining that sustenance and love are the objects of clement life.For the materiali... ...ch developed into the Vaishnavite faith in medieval Hinduism.The poem begins with Dhritarashtra asking Sanjaya what is occurrent not only on the field of Kuru but also on the field of dharma (virtue, duty). Sanjaya describes how both armies are arrayed against each other blowing their conch horns to try out their readiness to fight. Then Arjuna asked Krishna to position his chariot between the two armies, and there he saw many of his relatives on the other side, causing him to spirit faint and consider not fighting.Even though the others are killing, Arjuna does not think it would be worth it to do so, even for sovereignty of the cardinal worlds, let alone an earthly kingdom. Evil would come to him, he says, if he should kill his relatives. How could this bring happiness? This family destruction is wrong and would destroy ancient family duties and bring on lawlessness, which would lead to corruption of the women and caste mixing. Why should he kill for greed of royal pleasures? It would be greater happiness for him to be killed unresisting and unarmed. Thus Arjunas mind was overcome by sorrow.Krishna, who is called the Lord, responds by earful Arjuna for timidity and cowardice